用蚕豆根尖微核法监测与分析锦州市重点污染源废水中致突变物

蚕豆根尖细胞的染色体大，DNA含量较多，因而对诱变物反应敏感，利用企业废水对蚕豆根尖细胞核的诱变中微核数量的多少，即，微核干分率MCN‰大小来检测企业废水中致突变的能力，并且通过污染指数PI值来分析水质的综合毒性。     

植物根过滤作用对重金属的富集研究

用作植物根的过滤作用来处理污水中的重金属是一种新兴的重金属污水植物处理技术。以陆生植物－萝卜块状根系为材料，通过溶液培养的方法，研究了根过滤作用对重金属的富集情况，为陆生植物在重金属污水净化中的应用提供理论依据。     

磷胁迫条件下北美红杉幼苗生长的适应性反应

采用温室盆栽的方法探讨了不同的P质量浓度(0、0.018、0.036、0.054、0.071、0.108、0.142和0.213g.L-1,以0.071g.L-1作为对照)处理下北美红杉一年生幼苗生物量及根系生长的反应,结果表明,P供应不足时,幼苗将更多的生物量分配到地下以扩大根系的生长,地下/地上生物量比率增加,缺P时为0.47。高水平供P条件下,增加幅度较大,供P水平增加2倍时,达0.66。幼苗细根/叶生物量比率与地下/地上生物量比率变化规律相似。当供P水平较低时,幼苗的一级侧根数增多,根系的分枝密度增加,二级侧根节点之间距离减小,细根的特定根长增加,这些根系结构特征的变化有利于幼苗吸收更多的养分和水分。P养分供应适宜时,幼苗增加了地上部分的分枝数,以争取更多的地上资源空间。     

转基因作物对土壤生物的影响

综述了转基因作物根系分泌物和转基因作物残茬对土壤微生物和土壤动物的影响,主要表现在3方面:(1)对某些微生物和土壤动物有毒害作用;(2)为特定的微生物和土壤生物提供营养;(3)对土壤生物可能产生长期累积影响,但对此尚无定论。     

伤根对谷子水分利用效率的影响

通过盆栽试验，研究了伤根对谷子水分利用效率的影响．结果表明，苗期适度伤根能够提高谷子叶片水分利用效率（WUE），而苗期伤根量较严重或拔节期和孕穗期伤根则会降低谷子叶片WUE．在谷子收获期，除TM（高水分条件下，孕穗期中度伤根）和sl（低水分条件下，拔节期轻度伤根）处理外，其余伤根处理的生物量WUE均高于对照．在高水条件下，伤根处理对谷子籽粒产量WUE影响不显著；而在低水分条件下，前期适度伤根能使谷子籽粒产量WUE显著提高，而后期伤根处理的籽粒产量WUE提高不显著．图3表1参11     

Heavy Metals in Liver and Muscle of Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Caught in the Straits of Messina (Sicily, Italy)

The present investigation was carried out on the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) collected during the month of April 2003 from the Straits of Messina. The aim of this study is to determine heavy metal levels (Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) in liver and muscle tissues of 14 Thunnus thynnus of different age and sex and to investigate the relationships between fish sex and size (length and weight and metal concentrations in the tissues. The concentrations of the various metals were determined by a Varian atomic absorption spectroscopy instrument. The results showsignificant variations (p < 0.01) for Hg and Zn concentrations in muscle than in liver samples. Concentrations of Cd and Pb are below the instrumental detection limits in almost all muscle samples. Levels of Hg (3.03 + 0.55 μg/g) are above the MRLs only in muscle (1μg/g) establishing toxicological risks for the consumer. Regression analysis shows a negative correlation between mercury level and weight and length in samples from both female and male. No significant difference between mean heavy metals concentrations and male or female tuna is seen. For greater food safety, it would be advisable to reduce the mercury intake by selecting safer fish, species and size and by the avoidance of tuna fish consumption by pregnant women, young children and old people, who are more sensitive to mercury exposure.     

电子拆解区家禽中溴代阻燃剂的污染特征

对某电子废物拆解区散养草鸡进行了12种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)的污染水平分析.结果显示,草鸡中PBDEs和DBDPE主要通过土壤途径摄入,各个组织中PBDEs均被检出,肾脏中PBDEs含量最高(2071 ng·g~(-1),以脂重计),肝脏中PBDEs平均含量(550ng·g~(-1),以脂重计)远高于肌肉组织(131 ng·g~(-1)(腿肉)和76 ng·g~(-1)(胸肉),以脂重计),DBDPE主要在肾脏和卵组织中检出.同时,本文对电子拆解区居民通过食用草鸡摄入溴代阻燃剂(BFRs)的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果显示,尽管拆解区居民通过食用草鸡暴露PBDEs和DBDPE的风险处于可接受水平,但综合饮用水、大气呼吸和灰尘摄入等其他暴露途径,BFRs健康风险仍不容忽视.     

INFLUENCE OF TWO WOODY RIPARIAN SPECIES ON CRITICAL CONDITIONS FOR STREAMBANK STABILITY: UPPER TRUCKEE RIVER,CALIFORNIA1

Over the past 35 years, a trend of decreasing water clarity has been documented in Lake Tahoe, attributable in part to the delivery of fine grained sediment emanating from upland and channel erosion. A recent study showed that the Upper Truckee River is the single largest contributor of sediment to Lake Tahoe, with a large proportion of the sediment load emanating from streambanks. This study combines field data with numerical modeling to identify the critical conditions for bank stability along an unstable reach of the Upper Truckee River, California. Bank failures occur during winter and spring months, brought on by repeated basal melting of snow packs and rain‐on‐snow events. Field studies of young lodgepole pines and Lemmon's willow were used to quantify the mechanical, hydrologic, and net effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability. Lemmon's willow provided an order of magnitude more root reinforcement (5.5 kPa) than the lodgepole pines (0.5 kPa); the hydrologic effects of the species varied spatially and temporally and generally were of a smaller magnitude than the mechanical effects. Overall, Lemmon's willow provided a significant increase in bank strength, reducing the frequency of bank failures and delivery of fine grained sediment to the study reach of the Upper Truckee River.     

底墒对小麦根冠生长及土壤水分利用的影响

在中国气象局固城农业气象试验基地大型水分试验场,进行了不同底墒处理对冬小麦根冠生长发育、产量构成因子和土壤水分利用影响的试验,不同底墒处理对应的播种时的土壤相对湿度分别为:>80％,75％～80％,70％～75％,65％～70％和<65％。结果表明:底墒对冬小麦的根、茎、叶等有不同程度的影响,其中对根的影响尤为显著。充足的底墒能够促进根系对土壤水分和养分的吸收,提高土壤水分利用率,使收获时土壤残留水分减少,扩充了土壤水库的库容,使其能够在汛期到来时,接纳蓄存更多的降水,充分发挥土壤水库的调控功能。叶的生长发育与底墒之间也存在明显的相关关系,底墒与叶面积指数存在着显著的幂函数关系;底墒对总穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和地上总干物重等有显著影响,小麦的穗粒重和底墒有显著的二次曲线(抛物线)关系,由此求得最佳底墒为85.37％(占田间持水量百分比)。