共代谢作用下芦苇根际细菌多样性与群落组成

以对羟基苯甲酸(PHA)、对香豆酸(PCA)、咖啡酸(CA)和阿魏酸(FA)为代表性酚类根系分泌物(PREs),以对叔丁基苯酚(PTBP)作为典型烷基酚、以常见湿地植物芦苇为受试植物,结合高通量测序和生物信息学分析,研究PREs-PTBP交互作用下芦苇根际细菌多样性与群落组成的变化规律.结果表明,所有PREs均能有效提...     

Mercury Concentrations in Lentic Fish Populations Related to Ecosystem and Watershed Characteristics

Predicting mercury (Hg) concentrations of fishes at large spatial scales is a fundamental environmental challenge with the potential to improve human health. In this study, mercury concentrations were examined for five species across 161 lakes and ecosystem, and watershed parameters were investigated as explanatory variables in statistical models. For all species, Hg concentrations were significantly, positively related to wetland coverage. For three species (largemouth bass, pike, and walleye), Hg concentrations were significantly, negatively related to lake trophic state index (TSI), suggestive of growth biodilution. There were no significant relationships between ecosystem size and mercury concentrations. However, Hg concentrations were strongly, positively related to ecosystem size across species. Scores of small or remote lakes that have never been tested could be prioritized for testing using models akin to those presented in this article. Such an approach could also be useful for exploring how Hg concentrations of fishes might respond to natural or anthropogenic changes to ecosystems over time.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地四种植物根系分形特征分析

采用全根挖掘法,运用分形理论对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地阿克苏牛皮消、河西菊(Hexinia polydichotoma(Ostenf.)H.L.Yang)、白麻(Apocynum venetum L.)、沙拐枣(Cynanchum amplexicaule Hemsl)四种多年生野生植物根系的分支状况、分形特征与拓扑特征之间的关系进行了研究。研究发现:⑴四种植物根系分形特征较明显,分形维数大小与拓扑参数连接总数、外部连接数之间具有显著的相关关系;⑵根丰度与根系长度、平均连接长度之间具有显著的指数关系,分别可用以下方程表示:y1=2.7694e1.5496x,y2=0.036 9e2.026 7x(其中y1、y2分别为总根长、平均连接长度,R2分别为0.935 3、0.983 2)。因此,通过分形和拓扑理论对比分析了沙漠腹地4种野生植物根系的空间分形特征、资源占有能力与吸收率,有利于为沙漠腹的植物根系研究提供相关参数和一定的理论依据。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

模拟及河道实验浮床水芹根系生长及生物量分配对比研究

为了对比研究浮床植物水芹菜在模拟及野外河道实验中根系生长及生物量分配的差异性,探索水芹浮床模拟实验与实际应用中的差异性,我们在实验河道边放置水箱,通过抽取河水到水箱中设置水芹浮床水箱模拟实验,并且与河道中水芹浮床实验作对比。结果发现:河道和水箱中植物根系指标除了平均根直径外其他指标随着水芹的生长以指数方式增长,平均根直径随着水芹的生长以指数方式下降;在根系总长度、根系总表面积、根系分叉数、根系交叠数方面,水箱中的水芹显著大于河道中的水芹(p0.05);水箱浮床水芹根系指标的增长速度大于地上部分的增长速度,河道中水芹地上部分增长速度要大于地下部分;水芹冠根比随时间的变化呈现出先下降后上升趋势,水箱中水芹冠根比的变化速率更小。水箱中的水芹受到了营养条件的限制,用模拟水芹浮床来研究其净化效率时,在一定程度上(与实际应用相比)高估了河道水芹浮床根系部分的作用。     

微核技术在垃圾场周围水环境污染状况监测中的应用

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对成都市长安垃圾场周围水环境进行生态监测,用蚕豆根尖细胞测定各采样点水样的微核率(MCN)及污染指数(IP),并进行F检验.结果显示,各样点的微核率有显著性差异.在9个采样点中有6个的污染指数在2以上,其中属重度污染区有2个,中度污染区有4个,和对照组相比差异非常显著(p＜0.01).表明垃圾场周围水环境受到了不同程度的污染.     

Development,validation and matrix effect of a QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in fish tissue

This study aims to develop and validate a method to determine OCPs in fish tissues, minimizing the consumption of sample and reagents, by using a modified QuEChERS along with ultrasound, d-SPE and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD), refraining the pooling. Different factorial designs were employed to optimize the sample preparation phase. The validation method presented a recovery of around 77.3% and 110.8%, with RSD lower than 13% and the detection limits were between 0.24 and 2.88 μgkg^?1, revealing good sensitiveness and accuracy. The method was satisfactorily applied to the analysis of tissues from different species of fish and OCPs residues were detected. The proposed method was shown effective to determine OCPs low concentrations in fish tissues, using small sample mass (0.5 g), making the sample analyses viable without the need for grouping (pool).     

Determination of nephrotoxicity and genotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess properties that are important for industrial and medical applications. This study is aimed to investigate intra-peritoneal toxicity of AgNPs at 26, 52 or 78 mg/kg/day for 5 days in mice Swiss albino mice. The effects on oxidative stress markers activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), levels of serum glutathione (GSH), apoptosis (TUNEL assay), DNA strand breaks (comet assay) in lymphocytes, as well as histopathological of kidney tissue were determined. AgNPs significantly increased SOD and CAT activities reduced GSH levels. In kidney apoptosis (TUNEL assay) while DNA strand breaks (comet assay) in lymphocytes revealed that AgNPs at concentration 78 mg/kg produced significant apoptosis and DNA damage. AgNPs also produced associated histological renal tissue damage. Evidence suggests that AgNPs-mediated alterations may be attributed to oxidative stress.     

双酚AF胁迫对雄性斑马鱼成鱼甲状腺组织及激素水平的影响

为评价双酚AF(BPAF)的甲状腺毒性,以雄性斑马鱼成鱼为受试模式生物,采用半静态染毒的方式对雄性斑马鱼成鱼染毒14 d(0、5、50和500μg·L~(-1)),分别设置7 d、14 d 2个时间节点,通过酶联免疫法(ELISA)分别检测斑马鱼血浆中总三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)的含量水平,并对14 d暴露后斑马鱼甲状腺进行组织学检测分析。结果显示随着暴露浓度的提高,出现甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞增生,滤泡组织变形明显,细胞胶质缺失等病理学变化。雄性斑马鱼在BPAF暴露情况下,血浆中TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4含量随着暴露浓度的提升和时间的延长出现显著上升,呈现出甲状腺功能亢奋的干扰效应。