Simulation of the flow of an explosive atmosphere exposed to a hot surface

The accidental ignition of combustible atmospheres by hot surfaces is of great concern for chemical and process plant safety. In this paper, we present our research regarding the evolution of thermal plumes originating from hot hemispheres and discs. In particular, we focus on the effect of the orientation of the surface on the ignition process. The auto-ignition temperatures and ignition locations were studied experimentally. To get further insight, we conducted detailed numerical simulations and validated them with measurements. Three-dimensional simulations were performed on hot hemispheres and hot discs for different orientations ranging from 0° to 180°. The solver employs a transient, implicit scheme which is based on the coupled heat transfer and flow equations. The mesh in the vicinity of the hot surfaces is refined to resolve the steep temperature gradients and to capture the boundary layer separation. The influence of the orientation on critical hot spots in the gas mixture is analysed by examining the flow structures and the temperature evolution of the buoyancy-driven flow. Using the obtained results, we discuss the change of the onset and location of the ignition.     

污泥中磷回收技术比较分析

对污泥中磷的回收技术进行比较分析。介绍了污水污泥中利用热化学除磷的方法,阐述了方法的原理、优缺点以及常用的处理工艺,对磷回收的原理、工艺进行了论述。     

超宽带平板圆片单极天线及其小型化研究

对于一种新型超宽带平板圆片单极天线及其小型化方法进行了研究.平板圆片单极天线将辐射器、反射板和馈电装置放置在一个平面内,减小了空间体积,实现了天线的小型化.对这种天线进行了分析,通过仿真与实验验证了该天线良好的超宽带特性,同时还进一步研究了几种通过减小纵向高度来实现天线小型化的方法,即剪切、折叠和弯角.对于各种新型天线...     

软土地铁隧道盾构工法端头井加固稳定性分析

以上海地铁10号线盾构隧道的进出口端头井加固为例,说明软土地区盾构端头井基坑的加固方法,重点说明高压旋喷桩和三轴搅拌桩联合加固在软土地区的应用和用FLAC软件对加固后土体进行稳定性分析。表明此种方法在软土盾构端头井加固的设计和施工的实用性,为以后同类工程的设计和施工起到一定的借鉴作用。     

饱水煤样巴西劈裂强度和能量特征试验研究

针对赵固二矿二1煤层煤样在自然和饱水状态下进行巴西劈裂试验,分析了饱水对煤体劈裂强度和能量特征的影响。试验结果表明:加载过程采用载荷控制时峰值前拉应力与时间呈良好线性关系,达到峰值后应力瞬间跌落为零,表现出明显脆性破坏特征;采用位移控制时峰值前拉应力与时间呈非线性关系,峰值后出现分次破坏特征,但两种控制方式在试验破坏前没有本质区别;并得出两种状态下煤样抗拉强度和峰值能率存在差异,自然状态下抗拉强度为1.52MPa,峰值能率为881J/m2,但饱水后,煤样抗拉强度平均软化系数为0.65,平均峰值能率降幅为36.0%;两种状态下煤样抗拉强度与峰值能率大致呈线性关系,表明煤样抗拉强度越高,需要更多能量才能使煤样劈裂破坏。     

轿车盘式制动器刹车时产生噪音数值模拟

利用有限元分析方法,针对某型轿车盘式制动器进行刹车产生噪声的数值仿真。通过改变一系列参数,例如摩擦系数,刹车前速度以及制动盘的几何形状等,考察其对刹车噪声的影响。然后通过模拟结果与实验结果比较,证实了文章所提出的仿真计算模型的有效性。最后提出了制动器设计的改进建议。     

利用回转窑焚烧废物简述

本文介绍了回转窑的类型、结构和及其工艺特点,并对国内外利用回转窑焚烧危险废物的实验情况进行了综述,为我国废物焚烧领域的工作者提供借鉴。     

五区电除尘技术试验研究及应用

五区电除尘技术是一种新型的电除尘器提效改造技术,由于其性能优良、工作可靠、稳定运行,工程投资少、施工周期短等优点而得到广泛应用。在模拟计算分析其阻力和对气流分布影响的基础上,试验研究其对不同粉尘的收尘性能,结果表明:五区电除尘技术可高效捕集微细、高比电阻粉尘,且设备阻力小,气流分布理想。     

一种新型旋风气幕式排风罩数值模拟研究

利用Fluent计算流体力学软件对新型旋风气幕式排风罩工作流场及有害物分布进行了数值模拟,并与传统排风罩进行了对比。结果表明:旋转射流屏蔽作用下的抽吸流场具有中部压力较低和提高抽吸能力的作用;新型旋风气幕式排风罩不仅能有效地控制有害物扩散,而且可以实现远距离捕集有害物及以较小的排风速度排放有害物。     

TURBIDITY SUSPENI)ED SEDIMENT,AND WATER CLARITY: A REVIEW1

ABSTRACT: Suspended sediment causes a range of environmental damage, including benthic smothering, irritation of fish gills, and transport of sorbed contaminants. Much of the impact, while sediment remains suspended, is related to its light attenuation, which reduces visual range in water and light availability for photosynthesis. Thus measurement of the optical attributes of suspended matter in many instances is more relevant than measurement of its mass concentration. Nephelometric turbidity, an index of light scattering by suspended particles, has been widely used as a simple, cheap, instrumental surrogate for suspended sediment, that also relates more directly than mass concentration to optical effects of suspended matter. However, turbidity is only a relative measure of scattering (versus arbitrary standards) that has no intrinsic environmental relevance until calibrated to a ‘proper’ scientific quantity. Visual clarity (measured as Secchi or black disc visibility) is a preferred optical quantity with immediate environmental relevance to aesthetics, contact recreation, and fish habitat. Contrary to common perception, visual clarity measurement is not particularly subjective and is more precise than turbidity measurement. Black disc visibility is inter‐convertible with beam attenuation, a fundamental optical quantity that can be monitored continuously by beam transmissometry. Visual clarity or beam attenuation should supplant nephelometric turbidity in many water quality applications, including environmental standards.