三维电极对水中染料降解脱色处理

研究了在传统二维电解槽的铁板电极之间填充锰砂并鼓气搅拌，得到三相三维电极流化床反应器，对比两种反应器对酸性大红3R染色模拟废水降解脱色作用，考察了槽电压、支持电解质质量浓度、反应时间等因素对两种反应器处理染料脱色率的影响。实验表明，这些因素对酸性大红3R的降解脱色均有不同程度的影响，在相同条件下，三相三维电极流化床反应器比二维电极电解槽的处理脱色速度快和处理效率高，在不同处理时间内，脱色率可提高30％～50％。紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析表明，该方法不仅能对酸性大红3R的生色基团进行降解脱色，且对萘环不饱和共轭体系也具有破坏降解作用。     

Streptomyces sp. WJS-825产谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵条件优化及中试

应用五因子二次正交旋转回归试验设计,建立了微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (TG)发酵生产过程中以酶活力和菌体细胞生长量作为目标函数的数学模型,并以此模型对链霉菌 (Streptomycessp. )WJS-825菌株发酵生产TG的培养条件进行优化,确定了影响TG生产的主要因子及其最适取值为多价胨 2. 1%、可溶性淀粉 1. 5%、初始pH 7. 0及培养温度 30℃.以该优化工艺条件进行了 5L发酵罐小试和 200L发酵规模的中试生产.结果表明,在中试发酵生产中使用以豆饼粉部分替代多价胨的经济性发酵优化培养基,以及发酵过程中在线监控pH、溶氧系数等多项发酵调控参数,并分段控制pH、温度、通气量和搅拌转速以及进行适时的流加补充碳源,该菌株生长繁殖能力强、产酶效果好,TG活性达 3. 2u/mL,而且连续重复的中试发酵生产试验的TG产量均稳定在 3. 2u/mL以上. 图 2表 3参 15     

Establishment Success across Convergent Mediterranean Ecosystems: an Analysis of Bird Introductions

Abstract:  Concern over the impact of invaders on biodiversity and on the functioning of ecosystems has generated a rising tide of comparative analyses aiming to unveil the factors that shape the success of introduced species across different regions. One limitation of these studies is that they often compare geographically rather than ecologically defined regions. We propose an approach that can help address this limitation: comparison of invasions across convergent ecosystems that share similar climates. We compared avian invasions in five convergent mediterranean climate systems around the globe. Based on a database of 180 introductions representing 121 avian species, we found that the proportion of bird species successfully established was high in all mediterranean systems (more than 40% for all five regions). Species differed in their likelihood to become established, although success was not higher for those originating from mediterranean systems than for those from nonmediterranean regions. Controlling for this taxonomic effect with generalized linear mixed models, species introduced into mediterranean islands did not show higher establishment success than those introduced to the mainland. Susceptibility to avian invaders, however, differed substantially among the different mediterranean regions. The probability that a species will become established was highest in the Mediterranean Basin and lowest in mediterranean Australia and the South African Cape. Our results suggest that many of the birds recently introduced into mediterranean systems, and especially into the Mediterranean Basin, have a high potential to establish self-sustaining populations. This finding has important implications for conservation in these biologically diverse hotspots.     

雷州无瓣海桑群落7种元素的生物累积和循环

在雷州市附城镇岚北人工生态恢复的 7a生无瓣海桑群落生物量调查的基础上 ,对所采集的无瓣海桑进行了植物体各组分样品的灰分和元素含量测定与循环分析 ,结果表明 :无瓣海桑植物体不同组分的灰分含量范围为 2 .2 7%～ 2 6 .4 1% ,以细根的含量最高 ,枯枝的含量最低 .植物体各组分中 7种元素质量分数范围分别为K 0 .11%～ 1.5 6 % ,Na0 .11%～ 1.6 6 % ,Ca 0 .2 0 %～ 2 .6 6 % ,Mg 0 .15 %～ 1.5 9% ,Fe 0 .0 4× 10 -3 ～ 9.6 4× 10 -3 ,Zn 0 .0 5× 10 -4～ 1.0 3× 10 -4,Cu0 .16× 10 -5～ 1.5 0× 10 -5.其加权平均的富集系数为 0 .0 5～ 9.70 ,其中Ca >K >Cu >Na >Mg>Zn >Fe .群落现存生物量中的累积储量分别为K 10 9.76gm-2 ,Ca 138.89gm-2 ,Na 86 .5 7gm-2 ,Mg 81.0 7gm-2 ,Fe 13.139gm-2 ,Zn 0 .4 83gm-2 ,Cu 0 .10 8gm-2 .群落 2 0 0 1年的元素存留累积储量分别为Ca4 1.6 8gm-2 ,K 37.2 4gm-2 ,Mg 2 7.33gm-2 ,Na2 5 .5 6gm-2 ,Fe 4 .2 75gm-2 ,Zn 0 .188gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 39gm-2 .2 0 0 1年归还量分别为Ca 2 8.5 9gm-2 ,K 16 .83gm-2 ,Mg 12 .0 7gm-2 ,Na 11.5 8gm-2 ,Fe 0 .916gm-2 ,Zn 0 .14 1gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 2 6gm-2 .年吸收量分别为Ca 70 .2 7gm-2 ,K 5 4 .0 7gm-2 ,Mg 39.4 0gm-2 ,Na 37.1     

天津市东郊污水处理厂生物脱氮工艺设计

天津市东郊污水处理厂是新建投产的一座大型城市污水处理厂，其设计处理能力为４０００００ｍ￣３／ｄ。该厂引进了国外先进设备和技术，６００００ｍ￣３／ｄ污水采用前置缺氧脱氮的Ａ／Ｏ工艺进行了深化处理。本文全面论述了Ａ／Ｏ工艺曝气他的设计，并就设计参数取值、池型设计、进出水形式，回流方式和缺氧区与好氧区的容积比等进行了分析探讨。     

上流式厌氧污泥床滤层反应器处理鸡粪混合液离心出水

本研究采用上流式厌氧污泥床滤层反应器对蛋鸡场鸡粪混合液离心出水进行处理,试验结果:在中温25℃,进水COD_(cr)18000mg/L和氨氮1600mg/L的条件下,COD_(cr)去除率74.08%,BOD_5去除率83.78%,水力停留时间26.15h,容积负荷15.60kg·COD_(cr)/m~3·d,产气率0.52m~3/去除km·COD_(cr).反应器运行状况良好.     

污水生物处理单元平衡分析方法研究(Ⅰ)

依据热力学第二定律建立了污水处理单元平衡分析的灰箱模型,提出了进行处理单元过程评价的指标体系.在热力学意义上,污水生物处理是通过微生物内部的耗散来消耗污水污染物能量的过程,推动该过程加速进行需要耗费外部的.因此,节能的主要目的是节,即应防止推动力过剩造成反应器单元的外部损失.这一方法体系将为合理科学评判处理过程能耗机制奠定重要的理论基础.     

UASB反应器在啤酒废水处理中的应用

对升流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）辅以生物接触氧化工艺在处理啤酒废水中的应用，进行了系统设计参数选择、工程设计、运行效果分析，重点阐述了UASB反应器的启动、运行及运行调控指标选择。     

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), which was designed independently. At the liquid temperature of (32 ± 0.4)°C, and after a 58-days domestication period and a 33-days stabilization period, the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%. Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria, and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria and nitritebacteria. This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH. During the aeration stage, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2–1.4 mg/L. The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually. During the anoxic stage, along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen, ANAMMOX bacteria became dominant; then, the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(1): 55–60 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Carbon Monitoring Costs and their Effect on Incentives to Sequester Carbon through Forestry

Technically, forestry projects have thepotential to contribute significantly tothe mitigation of global warming, but manysuch projects may not be economicallyattractive at current estimates of carbon(C) prices. Forest C is, in a sense, a newcommodity that must be measured toacceptable standards for the commodity toexist. This will require that credible Cmeasuring and monitoring procedures be inplace. The amount of sequestered C that canbe claimed by a project is normallyestimated based on sampling a number ofsmall plots, and the precision of thisestimate depends on the number of plotssampled and on the spatial variability ofthe site. Measuring C can be expensive andhence it is important to select anefficient C-monitoring strategy to makeprojects competitive in the C market. Thispaper presents a method to determinewhether a forestry project will benefitfrom C trading, and to find the optimalmanagement strategy in terms of forestcycle length and C-monitoring strategyA model of an Acacia mangiumplantation in southern Sumatra, Indonesiais used to show that forestry projects canbe economically attractive under a range ofconditions, provided that the project islarge enough to absorb fixed costs.Modeling results indicate that between 15and 38 Mg of Certified Emission Reductions(CERs) per hectare can be captured by thesimulated plantation under optimalmanagement, with optimality defined asmaximizing the present value of profitsobtained from timber and C. The optimalcycle length ranged from 12 to 16 years andthe optimal number of sample plots rangedfrom 0 to 30. Costs of C monitoring (inpresent-value terms) were estimated to bebetween 0.45 (Mg C)^-1 to 2.11 (MgC)^-1 depending on the spatialvariability of biomass, the variable costsof C monitoring and the discount rate.