Electrochemical reduction characteristics and the mechanism of chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of chlorinated hydrocarbons were investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique. The reduction mechanism and activity of the chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode were explored. The relationship between the structure of chlorinated hydrocarbons and their reductive activity were discussed. The experimental results showed that chlorinated alkanes and a portion of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons could be reduced directly at the copper electrode. However, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons were not easy to reduce at the copper electrode. The results provided a theoretical basis for the catalyzed iron inner electrolysis method. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(4): 51–54 [译自: 环境科学]     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质 3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开 ,从而增大吸附量 ;表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性 ,从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力 ;电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化 ,从而改变吸附性能。最后 ,本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面 ,客观地提出了今后发展方向     

PbO2电极的改性及其在难降解有机废水电化学处理中的应用

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术,其应用的关键是开发出高效、稳定、低成本的电极材料.PbO2电极在工业领域具有广泛的应用基础,具有较高的析氧电势和电催化活性,被认为在电化学处理难降解有机废水方面有重要的应用前景.本文对PbO2电极制备方法与改性以及在难降解有机废水电化学处理中应用的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域今后的发展趋势进行了分析.     

复合地层盾构滚刀磨损风险等级模糊评判

针对盾构在复合地层隧道掘进过程中存在滚刀易磨损且不易判断磨损程度的施工难题,通过综合分析滚刀磨损的各种影响因素及其影响关系,总结提炼出4个磨损风险等级和五大类15个子项的关键影响指标。针对复合地层提出复合高度比和等效岩土强度的概念,综合运用两级模糊评判法和层次分析法建立了复合地层盾构滚刀磨损程度评判方法。通过对佛莞城际铁路长隆隧道复合地层段进行现场验证,证实了该方法在不进入盾构土仓的情况下,可对滚刀在盾构不同掘进距离下的磨损程度进行定性判断。     

Performance of rotating drum biofilter for volatile organic compound removal at high organic loading rates

Uneven distribution of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and biomass, and excess biomass accumulation in some biofilters hinder the application of biofiltration technology. An innovative multilayer rotating drum biofilter （RDB） was developed to correct these problems. The RDB was operated at an empty bed contact time （EBCT） of 30 s and a rotational rate of 1.0 r/min. Diethyl ether was chosen as the model VOC. Performance of the RDB was evaluated at organic loading rates of 32,1, 64.2, 128, and 256 g ether/（m^3·h） （16.06 g ether/（m^3·h） ≈ 1.0 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m^3·d））. The EBCT and organic loading rates were recorded on the basis of the medium volume. Results show that the ether removal efficiency decreased with an increased VOC loading rate. Ether removal efficiencies exceeding 99% were achieved without biomass control even at a high VOC loading rate of 128 g ether/（m^3·h）. However, when the VOC loading rate was increased to 256 g ether/（m^3·h）, the average removal efficiency dropped to 43%. Nutrient limitation possibly contributed to the drop in ether removal efficiency. High biomass accumulation rate was also observed in the medium at the two higher ether loading rates, and removal of the excess biomass in the media was necessary to maintain stable performance. This work showed that the RDB is effective in the removal of diethyl ether from waste gas streams even at high organic loading rates. The results might help establish criteria for designing and operating RDBs.     

电-多相臭氧催化工艺深度处理焦化废水

本文采用新型电-多相臭氧催化（E-catazone）工艺深度处理焦化废水生化二级出水,开展工艺可行性研究.通过与O₃/TiO₂纳米花（TiO_2-NF）与O₃/TiO_2-NF/H₂O₂及单独电化学氧化工艺相比较,对E-catazone工艺技术优势及氧化机理进行探究.结果表明：在相同条件下（O₃浓度84mg/L）,电-多相臭氧催化获得的COD和TOC的去除率（分别为67.9%,50.0%）显著优于O₃/TiO_2-NF获得的去除率（25.8%,20.9%）,即便在O₃/TiO_2-NF体系中投加5g/L的H₂O₂以促进臭氧均相催化效果,但COD和TOC去除率也仅分别提高到63.6%,43.6%.     

Removal of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds with sodium hypochlorite and surfactant in a co-current rotating packed bed

A co-current flow rotating packed bed was applied to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) by sodium hypochlorite(Na Cl O) and surfactant(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS) from air stream. Xylene was used as a model VOC herein. The effect of p H,concentration of Na Cl O and SDBS solution, liquid flow rate, gas flow rate and rotational speed on xylene removal efficiency and overall mass transfer coefficient(KGa) were discussed. Then, a correlation for KGa of the co-current rotating packed bed was proposed by fitting the experimental data of KGa and independent variables of liquid/gas ratio,rotational speed, p H, Na Cl O concentration and treatment time, which was in good agreement with the experimental data(the deviation ≤± 30%).     

电化学耦合膜工艺去除饮用水中卡马西平

研究了外加电压、初始浓度对电化学耦合膜工艺去除饮用水中卡马西平（CBZ）效果的影响.结果表明,CBZ初始浓度为100μg/L的条件下,随着电压的升高,电化学耦合膜工艺对CBZ的去除率逐渐增加,在外加电压为2V,电化学耦合膜工艺对CBZ的去除率达到88.0%;外加电压为2.0V的条件下,CBZ初始浓度为50~500μg/L时,电化学耦合膜对CBZ的去除率均达到85%以上.而与粉末活性炭/微滤膜（PAC/MF）工艺的比较可知,电化学耦合膜工艺的去除效果更为稳定,运行成本也更低.考察了水中的离子强度和腐殖酸对电化学耦合膜工艺去除CBZ效果的影响.结果表明,由于对系统中·OH的竞争作用,离子强度的增大及腐殖酸浓度的提高将抑制CBZ去除.     

铝合金牺牲阳极材料的研究进展

论述了铝合金牺牲阳极材料的发展历程,阐述了适用于不用环境的铝合金牺牲阳极研发情况,综述了铝合金牺牲阳极的几种活化溶解理论,对影响阳极电化学性能的因素进行了探讨,分析了铝合金牺牲阳极材料技术目前存在的问题,并展望了铝合金牺牲阳极未来的发展方向。常规海水环境的牺牲阳极材料已发展得较为成熟,特殊工况环境的牺牲阳极尚有待进一步开发和完善。     

生活污水处理厂转刷曝气机改造

天津港东突堤生活污水处理转刷曝气机，更新改造后，两个转刷曝气机在运行中多次出现转刷运行不平稳，震动加大的现象，经检查为尾端轴承损坏造成。我们对曝气转刷尾端轴承损坏的原因进行了研究和分析，找到了造成转刷尾端轴承频繁损坏的原因，通过认真的研究论证，制定了改造方案，成功的对转刷曝气机的转刷进行了技术改造。