亚硝酸盐对再生水脱色的影响研究

反硝化生物滤池因其脱氮效果好、出水稳定等特点在污水再生处理过程中得到广泛应用。实际运行中发现,反硝化生物滤池出水经后续工艺处理后色度常常难以达标。反硝化脱氮过程存在亚硝酸盐积累的现象,进水NO_3~--N质量浓度为25 mg/L、碳源投加量为90mg/L时,反硝化滤池出水NO_2~--N质量浓度为2.87 mg/L。以反硝化生物滤池与臭氧氧化组合工艺为研究对象,开展了反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐累积对臭氧及次氯酸钠脱色的影响研究。结果表明,亚硝酸盐累积不利于后续臭氧氧化脱色过程,当反硝化生物滤池出水NO_2~--N质量浓度为3.98 mg/L、臭氧投加剂量为3 mg/L和5 mg/L时,出水色度分别为20.6和17.3,无法满足GB/T 19772—2005《城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质》的要求(色度15)。通过投加5 mg/L的NaClO预氧化、再投加5 mg/L的臭氧使出水色度达到14.1。     

复合式生物滤池处理农村生活污水工程实例

以苏南常州市民丰村为例,介绍了复合式生物滤池对农村生活污水处理的应用。运行结果表明:该村生活污水经复合式生物滤池处理后,其COD、NH3-N、TN和TP指标均低于GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准,运行稳定,说明复合式生物滤池技术适宜在苏南农村地区推广应用。     

陶粒填料生物滴滤塔处理二甲苯废气

以两种不同的陶粒作为生物滴滤床填料净化二甲苯废气,研究了喷淋液量、气体流量、进气负荷、喷淋液中氨氮浓度及填料层高度对净化效率的影响,并对两种填料的使用效果进行了对比。结果表明：二甲苯废气进气流量越小、进气负荷越低,净化效果越好;充足的氮源是高净化率的保证;对于较高浓度的废气,需要适当增加填料层高来达到净化要求;使用具有比表面积大的陶粒作为填料,可以使设备挂膜时间更短、能耗更低,净化效率更高。     

A New Type Synthetic Filter Material for Biofilter: Preparation and its Characteristic Analysis

In this study, a new type poly(vinyl alcohol)/peat composite bead is prepared and is shown suitable as a filter material for biofiltration. The optimal preparation condition is with the peat size of 16–35 mesh, the ratio of water to peat of 40g water/10 peat and the immersion time in the phosphate solution of 30min. The composite bead prepared by this process is a porous spherical particle with a density of 0.692 g/cm³. It contains phosphor and nitrogen nutrient are 2.91mg P/g dry solid and 3.25mg N/g dry solid, respectively. The diameter of composite bead is between 2.4 and 6.0mm and the average diameter is about 4.0mm. The equilibrium moisture content of the bead from adsorption and holding experiments are 50.5 and 66.8% on a wet basis, respectively, corresponding to the optimal filter material required and is sufficient to sustain biological activity as the bead adsorbs equilibrium moisture. The composite bead has higher moisture holding capacity and the compression strength than the pig manure compost filter material. The composite bead has buffer capacity and could maintain the filter bed at pH = 6.9–7.2 during the operation period. The percentage of removed ethyl acetate could stay at over 99% for 33 days operation while the composite bead adsorbed inorganic nitrate nutrient.     

通气对复合生物滤池处理晚年期渗滤液污染物效果影响及微生物群落结构分析

以上海老港垃圾填埋场填埋多年的陈垃圾和废弃多孔滤料为填料构建复合生物滤池处理晚年期垃圾渗滤液.研究了不同运行条件下复合生物滤池对晚年期渗滤液的处理效果,并对不同通气状况下功能微生物的数量、组成和群落结构,以及与处理效果之间的关系进行了分析结果表明：通气对污染物的去除率有较明显的提高,在复合生物滤池中部通气条件下(气固比...     

厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场渗滤液水质水量变化规律的研究

为了减少生物反应器填埋场投资和运行费用,实现填埋场的快速稳定化,将厌氧型生物反应器填埋场(ANBL)和准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应床(SAARB)串联,组成新型的厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场(AN-SABL).通过研究AN-SABL渗滤液水质水量变化规律,以期为其渗滤液的管理和处理提供理论依据.实验表明,AN-SABL具有较好的渗滤液削减作用,最高削减量可达到771 g·kg-1;而且AN-SABL渗滤液水质变化具有明显的阶段性特征,渗滤液中硝酸盐(包括亚硝酸盐)浓度和氨氮浓度分别受Eh值和pH值影响明显.AN-SABL能够有效去除渗滤液中的有机物,实验结束时,AN-SABL2号和AN-SABL3号渗滤液COD的去除率分别达到了98.49%和97.98%,二者的COD浓度仅为ANBL1号COD浓度的14.5%、21.1%;同时,AN-SABL有较好的脱氮作用,AN-SABL2号和AN-SABL3号渗滤液中氨氮浓度分别从最高值1 452 mg·L-1、1 409 mg·L-1下降至525 mg·L-1、459 mg·L-1,只有ANBL1号氨氮浓度的36.5%和31.9%.SAARB单元的脱氮除碳效果受TOC/TC值的影响明显,当渗滤液中TOC/TC下降到0.2左右后,SAARB单元对COD和TN的去除率分别从95%和93%以上降到了35.25%～69.56%和64.53%～77.45%之间.     

温度对城市污水厌氧生物滤池运行效果与菌群结构的影响

城市污水厌氧产甲烷是城市污水资源化利用途径之一,但低有机物浓度和低温条件影响和限制该工艺在城市污水处理方面的应用.为此,在中试反应器中对厌氧生物滤池处理实际城市污水的启动方式、不同温度条件下系统运行效果和菌群结构的变化进行了研究.结果表明,采用间歇运行和连续运行相结合的挂膜方式,可实现工艺的快速启动,出水SCOD浓度稳定在60mg·L~(-1). 14℃以上厌氧生物滤池运行较稳定,水解酸化菌和产甲烷菌代谢趋于平衡,出水SCOD和TCOD浓度稳定在69mg·L~(-1)和90mg·L~(-1). 10℃低温条件下,水解菌群相对丰度下降,系统TCOD去除效果下降;而消化链球菌科(Peptostreptococcaceae)产酸菌相对丰度增加至32.79%,导致系统出水VFA浓度从2mg·L~(-1)升高至12mg·L~(-1);产甲烷菌群数量略有降低,产甲烷能力变化较小,出水SCOD较为稳定.厌氧生物滤池生物膜菌群结构复杂,菌群丰富度和多样性随温度的降低而下降.同时,启动和温度降低过程中,产甲烷菌群结构发生变化,乙酸型产甲烷菌群丰度逐渐升高,成为产甲烷优势菌群.因此,城市污水厌氧生物滤池启动快,能够抵抗温度持续降低的影响,同时,运行9个月不需反冲洗,不存在易堵塞需频繁反冲洗的问题,可更充分地发挥生物滤池的生物接触氧化和过滤截留的作用.     

Evaluation of a cost e ective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter

Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN （total ammonia nitrogen）, 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.     

生物滤池净化城市生活垃圾BMT发酵恶臭气体的研究

针对城市生活垃圾BMT过程中的恶臭气体,以堆肥为填料,在现场进行了生物滤池处理研究,分别测定了臭气的成分、臭气中TVOC浓度变化的规律、滤池的净化效率、填料中有机质、全氮、全碳、全磷和pH等特征,以及填料菌落数的变化. SPME-CC-MS的分析结果表明,恶臭气体中的主要有机污染物包括苯系物、萜烯和烷烃;臭气中TVOC浓度在发酵初期较大,而后逐渐减少,变化范围为68.3×10-6～3.3×10-6(体积分数),滤池净化效率范围为31,5%～84,8%;在4个月的运行过程中,填料中有机质、总氮、总碳、总磷的含量基本上保持在比较稳定的数值,而水溶性总氮增加了53.7%.水溶性总磷减少了19.6%,填料的pH值在初始经历了一个升高阶段后稳定在7.8左右;填料中细菌和霉菌的数量呈上升趋势,而酵母菌和放线菌的数量呈下降趋势,分别为初始填料的3.1、3.4、0.04、0.07倍.     

BF和BTF工艺去除DCM性能比较

分别以营养型缓释填料的生物过滤塔(BF)和聚氨酯小球为填料的生物滴滤塔(BTF)去除二氯甲烷(DCM)模拟废气.结果表明,采用"专属菌+综合菌"挂膜方式,BTF和BF分别在25 d和22 d内完成快速挂膜.扫描电镜结果表明,BF填料表面的菌落结构较为疏松、生物膜较薄,BTF填料表面的菌落结构致密、生物膜较厚.在DCM进口浓度100~1 500 mg·m-3、停留时间25~85 s条件下,BTF和BF对DCM均有较好的去除效果,最大去除负荷分别为22.61 g·(m3·h)-1和29.05g·(m3·h)-1.滤塔中CO2生产量与DCM降解量呈线性关系,经拟合得出BTF和BF的矿化率分别为70.4%和66.8%,且BTF矿化程度好于BF,表明滤塔内减少的DCM主要是被微生物利用降解.滤塔内DCM的降解动力学行为符合Michaelis-Menten模型,BTF和BF单位体积最大降解速率r max分别为22.779 0 g·(m3·h)-1和28.571 4 g·(m3·h)-1,气相饱和常数K s分别为0.141 2 g·m-3和0.148 6 g·m-3.