缓释碳源滤料滤池用于二级出水的深度脱氮

以聚己内酯(PCL)为反硝化电子供体和生物载体,开发出具有脱氮和过滤功能的缓释碳源滤料滤池,并以城市污水处理厂二级出水为原水进行深度脱氮试验,结果表明,在20.1～22.0℃的条件下,进水总氮(TN)质量浓度30.0 mg.L-1,HRT为0.5 h,反硝化负荷达54.0 mg.(L.h)-1时,TN的去除率最高可达98.9%;出水总有机碳(TOC)为6.5～8.4 mg.L-1,比进水增加了2.0～3.0 mg.L-1;出水SS低于4.0 mg.L-1;反硝化过程所需有机碳主要是在微生物作用下缓慢释放,其占到有机碳总释放量的84.2%;对碳源滤料进行扫描电镜观察,发现在其表面形成了致密的生物膜,其中微生物以杆菌和丝状菌为主.     

两种大型海藻自然环境下的营养动力学研究

在室外条件下,对菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)及龙须菜(G.Lemaneiformis)的N、P吸收动力学及生长动力学进行了研究.两海藻对NO3-N、NH4-N及PO4-P的最大吸收速率(Vmax)分别为55.88、35.17 μmol/(g·h)、3.106 μmol/(g·h)和53.17、32.24 、3.064 μmol/(g·h);半饱和常数(Ks)分别为7.762、3.414 、0.222 μmol/L和6.331、2.345、0.110 μmol/L,两海藻对N营养的竞争能力相似;从生长动力学结果看:菊花江蓠N、P的最大生长浓度为60 和30 μmol/L,龙须菜为100和40 μmol/L.     

管式生物过滤器去除乙苯废气

生物过滤由于其良好的成本效益和环境友好性已经成为控制挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)含量和气味气体排放的常规技术。营养物质的均匀分布、生物膜和介质床内的气体流是成就一个性能优良的生物过滤器至关重要的因素。而由本实验室开发的管式生物过滤器(TBFs)已被证明具备此优势。本实验的管式生物过滤器以聚氨酯海绵作为填料,研究在不同有机负荷、气体停留时间(EBCT)、进气量和表面活性剂等条件下乙苯废气的去除效率(RE)。实验同时记录了管式生物过滤器启动阶段的表现。初期使附着在填料上的微生物暴露在浓度为40 mg/m3的乙苯废气中40 d,此时的气体停留时间为15 s,使微生物慢慢适应并逐步降解乙苯废气;然后连续地控制管式生物过滤器的入口乙苯浓度为40、80、120和160 mg/m3,以使有机负荷逐步升高。结果表明,乙苯去除效率随着有机负荷的增大而逐步减小。当气体停留时间从15 s增加到30 s和60 s,而有机负荷控制在38.60 g/(m3·h)时,乙苯废气去除效率略微增加。此外,随着进气量的增大乙苯废气的最大平均去除效率有所下降而此时的降解容量增大,这个过程中乙苯进气浓度保持不变。结果还表明,在营养液中加入聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚这种表面活性剂可以提高乙苯废气的去除效率。     

生物法处理饲料恶臭废气工程应用研究

生物法处理饲料恶臭废气工程应用研究表明,在288 d运行期间示范工程装置表现出了良好的运行稳定性,氨的净化效率一般稳定在90%以上,可达99%。经过当地环境监测站监测结果表明饲料恶臭废气经生物处理可实现达标排放。这一成果对我国饲料行业恶臭废气的治理具有很好的示范作用,该生物脱臭技术具有抗负荷、温度变化能力强、设备简单、停留时间短、运行费用低和处理效果好的优点,具有良好的发展及应用潜力。     

Removal of odors and VOCs in municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment plants using a novel three-stage integrated biofilter: Performance and bioaerosol emissions

• TSIBF was composed of ABRS, FRS and HBRS. • THIBF can effectively remove various odors, VOCs and bioaerosols. • Different reaction segments in TSIBF can remove different types of odors and VOCs. • TSIBF can reduce the emission of bioaerosols through enhanced interception. A novel three-stage integrated biofilter (TSIBF) composed of acidophilic bacteria reaction segment (ABRS), fungal reaction segment (FRS) and heterotrophic bacteria reaction segment (HBRS) was constructed for the treatment of odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)from municipal solid waste (MSW) comprehensive treatment plants. The performance, counts of predominant microorganisms, and bioaerosol emissions of a full-scale TSIBF system were studied. High and stable removal efficiencies of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and VOCs could be achieved with the TSIBF system, and the emissions of culturable heterotrophic bacteria, fungi and acidophilic sulfur bacteria were relatively low. The removal efficiencies of different odors and VOCs, emissions of culturable microorganisms, and types of predominant microorganisms were different in the ABRS, FRS and HBRS due to the differences in reaction conditions and mass transfer in each segment. The emissions of bioaerosols from the TSIBF depended on the capture of microorganisms and their volatilization from the packing. The rational segmentation, filling of high-density packings and the accumulation of the predominant functional microorganisms in each segment enhanced the capture effect of the bioaerosols, thus reducing the emissions of microorganisms from the bioreactor.     

螯台球菌TAD1在高温曝气生物滤池中的异养硝化-反硝化性能

初步实验证实螯台球菌(Chelatococcus daeguensis)TAD1在高温下具有异养硝化-反硝化的能力,为验证其可应用性,采用曝气生物滤池工艺,研究了TAD1在温度为50℃的异养硝化-反硝化性能.结果表明,TAD1在曝气生物滤池中可同时进行好氧反硝化和异养硝化.当分别以硝氮、氨氮及硝氮和氨氮为氮源时,12 h的氮去除率均达到100%,氮的去除能力分别为12.67 mg.L-.1h-1、3.62 mg.L-.1h-1及16.53 mg.L-.1h-1.虽然在脱氮过程中,亚硝盐在6 h迅速积累到76 mg.L-1(硝氮为氮源)和52.6 mg.L-1(硝氮和氨氮为氮源),但在随后的几个小时内又快速降低至0(检测限之外).因而,TAD1具有应用于高温生物脱氮工艺的能力和优势.     

生物膜法处理挥发性有机化合物技术

综述了生物法有机废气处理技术的国内外研究现状,介绍了生物膜法处理VICs的装置及工艺流程。重点讨论了生物滤池和生物滴滤池在设计和运行中存在的问题及填料、生物量、湿度、pH和营养物质等主要影响因素。     

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for advanced municipal wastewater treatment: is it feasible?

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX） is a recently developed process to treat ammonia-rich wastewater. There were numerous articles about the new technology with focus on the ammonium-rich wastewater treatment, but few on advanced municipal wastewater treatment. The paper studied the anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） process with a down flow anoxic biofilter for nitrogen removal from secondary clarifier effluent of municipal wastewater with low COD/N ratio. The results showed that ANAMMOX process is applicable to advanced wastewater treatment with normal temperature as well as ammonia-rich high temperature wastewater treatment. The results indicated that ammonia removal rate was improved by raising the nitrite concentration, and the reaction rate reached a climax at 118.4 mgN/L of the nitrite nitrogen concentration. If the concentration exceeds 118.4 mgN/L, the ANAMMOX process was significantly inhibited although the ANAMMOX bacteria still showed a relatively high reactivity. The data also indicated that the ratio of NO2^- -N：NH4 ＊ -N = 1.3：1 in the influent was appropriate for excellent nitrogen removal. The pH increased gradually along the ANAMMOX biofilter reactor. When the ANAMMOX reaction was ended, the pH was tend to calm. The data suggested that the pH could be used as an indicator to describe the course of ANAMMOX reaction.     

Temperature effect on aerobic denitrification and nitrification

Nitrogen loss without organic removal in biofilter was observed and its possible reason was explained. A lower hydraulic loading could improve aerobic denitrification rate. Aerobic denitrification was seriously affected by low temperature(below 10℃ ). However, nitrification rate remained high when the temperature dropped from 15℃ to 5℃. It seemed the autotmphic biofilm in BAF could alleviate the adverse effect of low temperature.     

生物滤池快速启动ANAMMOX运行策略及菌群特征

为实现常温下厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation,ANAMMOX)反应的快速启动及污泥颗粒化,采用上向流生物滤池反应器接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥,通过阶段变负荷及缩短水力停留时间运行策略启动ANAMMOX反应,并对生物滤池的脱氮特性做出评价.结果表明,生物滤池在中温(25～29℃)环境下历时22 d启动ANAMMOX反应.培养97 d,总氮容积去除速率达到5.64kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),总氮去除率接近80%,颗粒污泥平均粒径为4.5 mm.高通量测序分析表明,生物滤池从下至上形成硝化菌-异养菌、厌氧氨氧化菌(AAOB)和AAOB-异养菌的分层结构.各种菌群协同脱氮,为AAOB创造低溶解氧(DO)稳定环境,厌氧氨氧化功能菌Candidatus Kuenenia(AF375995.1)得到富集.此外,对污染物沿程去除规律及污泥沿程特性进行分析,验证了反应区污泥具有良好ANAMMOX活性.厌氧氨氧化-生物滤池通过有效地保持菌量和稳定反应条件,实现了ANAMMOX反应的快速启动、污泥颗粒化及高效运行.