Denitrification and biofilm growth in a pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers for biological nitrogen removal from secondary effluent

Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen(NO_3-N) removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated.During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO_3-N was 3.99–4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/(m~2·day), the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24(mg/L)1/2/min,respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845,5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m~2 at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm~3 at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.     

Investigation of factors on a fungal biofilter to treat waste gas with ethyl mercaptan

IntroductionOff gasescontainingVOCandodorsmaydogreatharmtoenvironmentandpeople’shealth .Therearemanymethodsfortreatingthem ,suchasphysicalmethods ,chemicalmethodsandbiologicalmethods.Biologicalmethodsarewidelyappliedintheprocessofoff gasespurificationfor…     

一种改性生物填料强化生活污水脱氮效果研究

生物强化脱氮技术是城镇污水处理厂的重点关注之一.大量研究表明改性填料可以增强污水生物脱氮效果.本文制备了负载纳米MnO2的改性聚氨酯棉填料(聚氨酯/MnO2),构建分别以聚氨酯/MnO2和聚氨酯为填料的生物滤池对比系统(R1和R2);并进一步探究两个系统对生活废水的脱氮效果差异以及主要运行参数的影响作用.结果 表明,整...     

国产轻质陶粒用于厌氧滤池的特性研究

对国产轻质球形陶粒的理化性能、挂膜特性及用于塔式厌氧生物滤池处理有机废水的效果进行了研究 ,表明该种填料适于作厌氧微生物载体。在进水 CODCr为 3 0 0～ 40 0 0 mg/L、CODCr去除率≥ 70 %时 ,CODCr容积负荷为 1.3 8～ 8.0 kg CODCr/(m3·d)。尤为突出的是 ,对于处理 CODCr≤ 3 0 0 mg/L的低浓度有机废水 ,当水力负荷为 2 .12 m3/(m2 · d)时 ,CODCr容积负荷达到 1.3 8kg CODCr/(m3· d) ,CODCr去除率≥ 70 %。     

扩展流好气滤池反冲洗机理与试验分析

采用对照研究的方法对扩展流好气滤池反冲洗方式进行选择。结果表明 ,脉冲反冲洗方式以其高效、低耗的特点明显优于气水连续反冲洗方式 ,并遵循好气滤池反冲洗的要求。扩展流好气滤池脉冲反冲洗的最佳运行参数确定为 :气冲强度 8～ 10 L/( s·m2 ) ;水冲强度 2～ 4L/( s·m2 ) ;反冲时间 5 min。     

新型生物轻质陶块填料塔净化低浓度有机废气的试验研究

试验研究结果表明 ,轻质陶块附着生物膜后对废气的有机物的净化性能明显优于不锈钢环。轻质陶块完全可以取代常用的不锈钢环而成为生物膜填料塔的新型填料     

氧气对生物转鼓过滤器反硝化净化NO废气的影响研究

在自行研制的生物转鼓过滤器(RDB)内,考察了反硝化净化一氧化氮(NO)废气的去除率、去除负荷和以及不同氧气含量对反硝化过程的影响。结果表明,在温度25~30℃、pH 7~7.5、转鼓转速1 r/min、营养液更新0.2 L/d条件下,挂膜历时30 d完成。稳定运行期,NO进气浓度为90~433 mg/m3,去除率维持在60%~85%之间,平均去除负荷为10.4 g/(m3.h);在短期影响考察时,氧气含量的增加使得气液两相的传质增强,加快了微生物的降解速率,但从长期影响的实验结果分析,低浓度的氧气能够提高NO的净化效率,而过高的氧气含量则抑制了反硝化过程,这是由于氧气对反硝化过程的抑制作用和化学氧化的促进作用共同影响的结果。     

生物活性炭填料反应器处理含盐水体的硝化性能

以颗粒活性炭为填料,采用盐度梯度两步驯化法构建含盐水体生物滤器硝化功能,研究了生物滤器稳定后水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)、进水氨氮负荷和CODMn/N等对反应器硝化性能的影响。结果表明,25～27℃,盐度30的含盐水体生物滤器硝化功能构建需73 d,其中淡水生物滤器硝化功能构建需28 d,淡水驯化为盐度15的生物滤器需19 d,盐度15驯化为盐度30的生物滤器需26 d;实验条件下生物活性炭填料反应器中生物量达到146～742.1 nmolP/g-BAC;调节进水氨氮浓度2 mg/L左右时,最佳HRT为1 h,氨氮去除率达到84.98%,相应的氨氧化菌和硝酸菌氧吸收速率(oxygen uptake rate,OUR)分别为2.091和1.948 mg O2/(g-BAC.h);HRT为1 h时,随着进水氨氮负荷的加大,氨氮去除率逐渐降低,当进水氨氮负荷由0.12增加到0.48 g-N/(kg-BAC.d)时,氨氮去除率由84.98%降低到41.68%,同时氨氧化菌OUR由2.091降低到0.625 mg O2/(g-BAC.h);随着CODMn/N的升高,氨氮去除率下降,CODMn/N从1～8时,氨氮去除率由84.98%降低到53.64%,CODMn去除率却逐渐增加,由40.86%增加到93.59%,异养菌OUR随着CODMn/N升高呈上升趋势,最大达到0.914 mg O2/(g-BAC.h)。     

高效苯降解菌的筛选鉴定及其在生物过滤塔处理苯的填料选择

从污水处理厂曝气池的活性污泥筛选出1株苯的高效降解真菌HD-3,经形态特征、ITS基因序列系统学分析,确定HD-3为杂色曲霉Aspergillus versicolor,该菌株8 d内对初始浓度439.3 mg/L和4 393 mg/L的苯的降解率分别为78.56%和33.96%。当苯的初始浓度为439.3 mg/L,HD-3降解苯的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为4.5。在此基础上,提出了采用不同填料生物过滤塔处理苯废气的工艺,并进行了实验研究,实验结果表明:(1)随着苯的浓度提高,苯的降解率逐渐降低。当苯的浓度为200 mg/m3时,煤质柱状活性炭生物过滤塔、生物陶粒生物过滤塔、竹材生物过滤塔的苯平均去除率(REave)分别为93.63%、93.16%和82.38%;当苯的进口浓度增加到3 000 mg/m3时,3种生物过滤塔的苯平均去除率(REave)分别为78.89%、68.43%和51.87%。(2)不同填料对苯的去除能力不同,煤质柱状活性炭>生物陶粒>竹材。     

n-Hexane Biodegradation in Trickle Bed Air Biofilters

While hydrophilic compounds are degraded easily in Trickling bed air biofilters (TBABs), hydrophobic compounds are retarded until biological cultures produce a sufficient RNA or enzyme/protein to utilize this compound. Hydrophobic compounds are not readily bio-available which makes them reluctant to biodegradation as mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases is a rate limiting step. To enhance the destruction of hydrophobic compounds in TBABs, the utilization of surfactant was introduced to increase the solubility which helps overcoming the rate limiting step. The surfactant was used as well to limit the growth of excess biomass ensuring smooth flow through the biofilter bed and preventing short circuits. Two different non-ionic non-toxic surfactants were used in this study: Triton X-100 and Tomadol® 25-7. Two lab-scale controlled TBABs were operated for investigating the performance difference for n-Hexane as an example of hydrophobic volatile organic compound (VOC) with and without the addition of surfactant. Operating conditions in both TBABs were as follows: nutrient feed rate (2L/day), air flowrate (1.4L/min), bed depth (60cm), empty bed retention time (120s), bed material (diatomaceous earth pellets) and room-temperature. The inlet concentration was changed from 50 to 100ppmv. Acclimation period, removal profile along biofilter depth, nitrogen consumption, and CO₂ production were compared under continuous loading operation condition. The optimum concentration of surfactant in the nutrient feed was determined by a batch experiment. The effect of different surfactant concentrations on VOC water solubility with time was studied by considering different VOC concentration sets within the TBAB loading rate range.