盐度、C：N对SBR工艺处理海水产品养殖场废水的影响

海水产品养殖场废水中碳、氮的浓度很高,通过序批式反应器（SBR）处理,能有效的降低碳、氮的浓度。在常温（20℃-25℃）条件下,我们检测了不同盐度、C：N下的处理效果,以期实现SBR工艺运行参数的最优化。实验结果表明：盐度为2．5％～3．5％,C：N为10：1的条件下,除碳和生物脱氮的效果最佳。实验验证了SBR工艺在海水产品养殖场废水处理中可以作为一个非常有效的处理手段而应用。     

粤东凤凰山茶区土壤锰、锌赋存形态特征及对茶叶的有效性

采用连续化学提取法对粤东凤凰山茶区12个茶园土壤Mn和Zn的5种赋存形态特征及对茶叶的有效性进行了研究。结果发现,茶区土壤Mn平均含量为337 mg.kg-1,Zn平均含量为166.0 mg.kg-1,Mn和Zn的形态分布规律均表现为残渣态>铁锰氧化物结合态>有机束缚态>可交换态>碳酸盐结合态。土壤铁锰氧化物结合态和碳酸盐结合态Mn含量以及碳酸盐结合态、有机束缚态和铁锰氧化物结合态Zn含量分别与土壤pH值呈显著正相关,可交换态Mn含量与土壤pH值呈显著负相关;有机束缚态Mn、Zn含量以及铁锰氧化物结合态Zn含量分别与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,而铁锰氧化物结合态Mn含量与土壤有机质含量呈显著负相关。茶区茶叶Mn平均含量为1 046.3 mg.kg-1,Zn平均含量为42.0 mg.kg-1。茶叶Zn含量分别与土壤可交换态、有机束缚态、碳酸盐结合态Zn含量以及有机质含量呈显著正相关;茶叶Mn含量分别与土壤可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机束缚态Mn含量呈显著正相关,而与土壤pH值呈显著负相关。土壤pH值和有机质含量对茶区土壤Mn和Zn的化学形态分布及茶叶中Mn和Zn的累积有重要影响。     

CFD simulation of pool fires situated at differing elevation

When two or more pool fires happen to burn so close to each other that they interact, they are termed ‘multiple pool fires’ (MPF). Past accident analysis reveals that MPFs occur quite frequently in chemical process industries. Controlled experiments done so far to study MPFs have indicated that MPFs lead to increase in the fuel burning rate, flame height and heat release rate (HRR) but the nature and the extent of the impacts of different factors on these manifestations is as yet poorly understood. In this context computational fluid dynamics (CFD) appears to be a tool which can enable more detailed and realistic simulation of MPFs than other possible approaches, especially due to its ability to closely approximate the underlying physical phenomena. In tank farms there are situations where different storage tanks are placed at different elevations yet close to each other. If such tanks happen to catch fire, the resulting fires may influence each other in a manner that may be a function of the difference in the tanks’ elevation. However no CFD study has been carried out which addresses this type of situation. Hence an attempt has been made to employ CFD to study MPFs involving two pools with fuel surfaces are at different elevations. Results reveal that good correlation is possible between the experimental findings and the CFD simulations.     

The role of NIMBY in opposing the siting of wind farms: evidence from Greece

This paper aims to assess the relative importance of a NIMBY (‘Not-In-My-Back-Yard’) stance on an individual's opposition to the siting of a wind farm vis-à-vis other predictors, such as perceived effects (costs, risks and benefits associated with the project), perceived fairness of the siting decision and societal trust. Data originate from two case studies, a small wind farm of just two wind turbines in southern Greece and a mega-project of 153 turbines on the Greek island of Lesvos (aggregate N = 334). We use structural equation modelling (SEM) for testing the theoretically-suggested relations between the various constructs. We find that NIMBY is not the most important predictor of opposition while it is strongly correlated with other predictors, such as the perceived unfairness of the siting decision as well as the risks and costs associated with the wind farm. These latter findings undermine the common-sense idea that wishing a wind farm out of one's vicinity (‘Not-In-My-Back-Yard’) is an example of mere ‘free-riding’. Since the fit of the SEM models was found to be moderate, we discuss the limitations of our study and the implications of our findings as well as suggesting pathways for future research.     

饮用水消毒中茶多酚抑菌机理的研究进展

饮用水消毒关系着人类的身体健康,茶多酚作为绿色消毒剂具有良好的消毒作用及消毒持续性,无毒副作用。对茶多酚的抑菌机理进行系统的综述,介绍了茶多酚对菌体正常生理形态的改变、对细胞壁膜的破坏、对蛋白质合成和表达的阻碍以及对遗传物质的作用,并阐述了酚羟基与金属离子、蛋白质的络合作用,以及酯官能团、聚合度对儿茶素抑菌效能的影响,为茶多酚在饮用水消毒中的应用提供理论基础。     

吉林省畜禽养殖污染现状及防治对策

畜禽养殖污染问题已经越来越引起社会的关注。畜禽粪污处理不当会污染地表水及地下水,也会对土壤造成污染,养殖场恶臭对空气环境造成污染,使得畜禽传染病及寄生虫病等不断蔓延。通过详细调查分析吉林省畜禽养殖情况、畜禽粪污产生量和处理情况以及环境污染现状,提出吉林省畜禽养殖污染的防治对策,既需要加强畜禽养殖污染防治技术的研究,也需要研究必要的政策和加强管理,更需要开展必要的国际合作。以实现资源循环利用,促进吉林省畜禽养殖业健康发展。     

高效液相色谱法测定六安茶叶中的咖啡因

用高效液相色谱仪分别测定金寨、霍山、舒城、独山等产地茶叶中咖啡因的含量,比较咖啡因含量与地区及与茶叶采摘期的关系。方法采用ODS-C18柱,以CH3OH-H2O（35：65）溶液做流动相,紫外检测波长为275nm。可在5min内将咖啡因与基体分离,咖啡因含量与峰面积在30μg/mL-180μg/mL范围内成线性关系,回归方程为：y=21470x＋1962620,相关系数r=0.9992。方法线性良好,平行样测定RSD≤1.1℅,加标回收率为97.5℅～106℅。结果表明,六安地区同一种茶采摘期不同咖啡因的含量不同,不同产地的茶中其咖啡因的含量也不同。     

Adoption of Stream Fencing Among Dairy Farmers in Four New Zealand Catchments

The effect of dairy farming on water quality in New Zealand streams has been identified as an important environmental issue. Stream fencing, to keep cattle out of streams, is seen as a way to improve water quality. Fencing ensures that cattle cannot defecate in the stream, prevents bank erosion, and protects the aquatic habitat. Stream fencing targets have been set by the dairy industry. In this paper the results of a study to identify the factors influencing dairy farmers' decisions to adopt stream fencing are outlined. Qualitative methods were used to gather data from 30 dairy farmers in four New Zealand catchments. Results suggest that farm contextual factors influenced farmers' decision making when considering stream fencing. Farmers were classified into four segments based on their reasons for investing in stream fencing. These reasons were fencing boundaries, fencing for stock control, fencing to protect animal health, and fencing because of pressure to conform to local government guidelines or industry codes of practice. This suggests that adoption may be slow in the absence of on-farm benefits, that promotion of stream fencing needs to be strongly linked to on-farm benefits, and that regulation could play a role in ensuring greater adoption of stream fencing.     

海上深水区风电场并网的空间布局优化——以粤东地区为例

海上深水区风电场具有水深深、离岸远、规模大的特点,其并网空间布局的合理规划直接关系到投资成本和用海效率,而现有研究多停留于二维平面,精度有待提高。从风电汇集至岛屿再送出的设想出发,建立深水区风电场并网的三维空间布局优化设计模型,以粤东深水区风电场为例进行分析。研究表明：（1）深水区风电场并网需要考虑海底地形因素,尽管研究范围坡度很小,优化方案的电缆总长度还比二维平面计算结果长约5%;（2）汇集输电的方式能有效减少用海面积、降低总投资成本,其中征海面积、总投资成本减幅最大均可达65%;（3）不同输电方式的电缆成本越低,空间布局越接近以岛屿为中心的辐射状,随岛屿数量增加区别逐渐减小,220 kV交流、500 kV交流、±320 kV直流电缆成本依次减小,1个岛屿时对应方案的岛屿与汇集中心距离分别为38 km、27 km、9 km,4个岛屿时分别降至19 km、19 km、5 km。     

Screening of a potential leafhopper attractants and their applications in tea plantations

Abstract

Pheromones can be used as leafhopper attractants. However, commercial pheromone products, such as the Ingle lure, have certain limitations, including poor persistence in the field. In this study, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-ocimene, linalool, and geraniol were selected and behaviorally tested as potential leafhopper attractants. Y-tube olfactometer tests showed that the C2 formulation was more effective than other formulations. In tea field trials, the number of leafhoppers caught by sticky board traps baited with C2 lures was greater than that caught by treatment. The number of leafhoppers attracted by the C2 lures was greater than that attracted by the commercial Ingle lures. Additionally, the total amount of active C2 components on lures was greater than that of the active components on the lure after 14 days. Thus, the results indicated that the C2 formulation may attract leafhoppers and have a greater persistence than other formulations in tea field.