保护生态环境、促进凤庆经济社会发展

近年来生态环境的恶化、农村能源短缺、环境污染加剧、以及人口压力增大,都对凤庆建成茶文化大县的战略构想形成了严重影响。就其生态环境现状分析了存在的问题,提出相应的措施和建议     

福建省茶园土壤-茶叶的铅含量及铅同位素示踪

运用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析了福建省内9个市县的茶园土壤和茶叶的铅含量及铅同位素组成,评价铅污染情况并解析铅来源。结果表明,茶园土壤和茶叶的铅含量分别为23.00±0.099~55.43±0.032 mg/kg和0.53±0.126~1.47±0.058 mg/kg,地质累积指数法表明茶园土壤基本为无污染,单项因子指数法表明茶叶均为安全等级。茶园土壤和茶叶铅同位素组成具有区域性,茶叶铅同位素组成相对于茶园土壤具有较低的206Pb/207Pb和206Pb/208Pb。结合铅含量相关性分析和铅同位素示踪分析,福建省茶叶铅主要来源于茶园土壤和大气。福建省茶叶铅同位素组成的同地相似性和异地差异性特征可为茶叶产地溯源和鉴别提供一定的科学依据和参考价值。     

增施磷肥对提高强酸性高硒茶园土壤硒有效性的效果

通过大田试验,研究了增施钙镁磷肥、过磷酸钙及与生物有机肥混施共6种调控措施对强酸性高硒茶园土壤基本化学性质、土壤有效硒和茶叶中硒质量比的调控效果.结果表明,不同磷肥及不同用量处理对土壤有效硒质量比增加均有效果,高用量的3种处理(钙镁磷肥高用量与生物有机肥混施、钙镁磷肥高用量和过磷酸钙高用量)效果好于正常用量的处理(钙镁磷肥正常用量与生物有机肥混施、钙镁磷肥正常用量、过磷酸钙正常用量),且用量相同的情况下,伴有生物有机肥的磷肥处理效果最好.增施磷肥调控均不同程度地增加了茶叶硒质量比,6种处理的增幅均达到极显著水平(p＜0.01).     

Water farms and transfer conflicts in Arizona,USA: A proposed resolution process

Water is a relatively scarce resource in Arizona, especially since the recent urban growth booms of Phoenix and Tucson. Arizona's 1980 Groundwater Management Act was the precursor to current water-transfer conflicts between urban buyers, rural farmers, and third parties. Water farms are bought with the intention to transfer their appurtenant groundwater to the two major metropolitan areas. As water markets have emerged, differing values and public interest issues have become apparent, while the state legislature attempts to resolve inequities. Site-specific transfer disputes, as well as policy-making conflicts, offer suitable situations for a mediation process. Equity- and efficiency-based criteria are suggested as the basis for resolving water-transfer conflicts, and a mediation process is proposed. However, third parties must develop an agenda, and a balance of power should be attained before mediation can effectively forge an agreement on water-transfer policies. The attainment of statewide policies generated through a mediated process has the potential to expand long-range regional water planning and management.     

Community Exchange and Training in the Suid Bokkeveld: A UNCCD Pilot Project to Enhance Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management

Community knowledge exchanges have played a key role in developmental processes in the Suid Bokkeveld community of South Africa. Two exchange visits were undertaken with the support of the Department of Agriculture and an NGO, the Environmental Monitoring Group, which have led to local economic development and enhanced capacity to manage natural resources in a sustainable manner. These pilot projects were undertaken within the framework of the Community Exchange and Training Programme of the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The methodology applied included facilitation to develop a community-based vision for development, in terms of which the community exchange process was designed. A Facilitation Team of service providers conducted preparatory workshops, and identified potential partner communities. Two exchange visits were carried out, one focused on Rooibos production and marketing, and the other on community-based eco-tourism. Following report-back and planning workshops, emerging community-driven initiatives were supported through their formative stages. The initiatives have not only resulted in enhanced livelihoods, but the methodology has also been applied widely in a number of different contexts.     

不同植茶年限土壤氮素组分变化及其与环境因子关系

茶园土壤氮素组分变化影响茶园土壤供氮能力和氮素循环.以植茶30、50和70 a的茶园土壤为研究对象,探讨不同植茶年限土壤氮素组分变化特征及其与理化性质和酶活性之间的关系.结果表明：①随着植茶年限的增加,粉粒、全磷、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性逐渐增加,砂粒、黏粒、pH、电导率、有机碳和蔗糖酶活性逐渐降低,碱性磷酸酶活性先增加后降低,土壤含水量和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著变化.②随着植茶年限的增加,酸解性铵态氮、氨基酸态氮和硝态氮含量显著增加,且茶园土壤全氮、酸解性铵态氮、未知态氮和非酸解氮含量显著高于林地.③全磷、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶是土壤氮素组分变化的主要影响因子.其中,有机氮组分与全磷、碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著相关性,无机氮组分与碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著相关性,全氮与砂粒、粉粒、全磷、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性具有极显著的相关性.     

大丰风电场建设对盐城自然保护区的生态影响分析

研究了大丰风电场一期、二期工程对盐城沿海湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区的生态影响.结果表明,在自然保护区实验区内建风电场会改变自然保护区生态结构和功能,使生物量减少,鸟类栖息地丧失,物种多样性下降,景观破碎化.提出了对策措施,以降低由于风电场的建设对自然保护区造成的生态影响.     

Weather,climate, politics,or God? Determinants of American public opinions toward global warming

2012 American National Election Study data supplemented with monthly temperature data from the United States Historical Climatology Network are used to examine how religion, politics, and weather and climate affect views of global warming. Evangelical fundamentalism is the most consistent factor among all religion-related variables in determining perceptions of global warming, those more oriented toward evangelical fundamentalism being less likely than others to believe in the existence, anthropogenic cause, and adverse impact of global warming. Controlling for the effects of traditional political predisposition variables, including party identification and political ideology, support for the Tea Party plays a dominant role in determining views of global warming; support for the Tea Party leading to higher likelihood of disbelief in the existence, anthropogenic cause, and negative impact of global warming. Warming winters coupled with cooling springs of the past decade are positively related with belief in the existence of global warming.     

九华山佛茶文化旅游开发研究

九华山佛茶文化旅游既有历史优势,又有区位优势,开发九华山佛茶文化旅游是将九华山的佛教旅游资源与茶文化旅游资源中的寺院茶文化相结合。更新观念、重视特形象设计、丰富完善旅游产品、加大旅游商品开发和不断开拓旅游市场等是九华山佛茶文化旅游开发的重要举措。     

Fluoride in Ceylon tea and its implications to dental health

The purpose of this study was to assess the fluoride content of Ceylon Tea, which is a popular beverage throughout the world. The fluoride content of tea infusions prepared from different grades of tea leaves collected from different parts of the tea-growing regions (25 samples) of Sri Lanka was measured using a fluoride-selective electrode. Fluoride leaching was found to vary from 0.32 to 1.69 mg F/l, but there were no significant differences in terms of fluoride leaching between tea from different tea-growing regions or between tea of different grades. Dental fluorosis is widespread throughout the dry zone of Sri Lanka, and drinking water has traditionally been considered to be the main contributory factor to the development of fluorosis. However, diet, the consumption of tea in particular, may also contribute to the manifestation of dental diseases.