全国2018~2019年秋冬季气象条件变化对PM2.5影响研究

本文基于WRF-CMAQ模型定量分析了气象条件变化对PM_2.5的影响.全国337个城市2018~2019秋冬季气象条件转差导致PM_2.5平均浓度同比上升约5.55%.24个省市气象条件同比转差，北京气象转差致使PM_2.5同比上升约3.66%.从重点区域来看，京津冀及周边“2+26”城市气象条件转差最显著，汾渭平原次之，长江三角洲（以下称长三角）基本持平，分别导致PM_2.5浓度同比上升约9.4%、8.3%、1.1%.“2+26”城市和汾渭平原气象条件在11月、1月、2月转差，10月、3月气象条件转好.长三角则10月、11月、3月气象条件转差；12月、1月、2月转好.“2+26”城市2018~2019秋冬季PM_2.5浓度同比上升主要为气象条件转差所致；汾渭平原PM_2.5同比变化较小，人为减排有效抵消了气象条件转差带来的不利影响；长三角PM_2.5浓度同比下降，与气象条件变幅小且污染排放较去年同期降低有关.     

农村环境质量区划原则及指标体系

目前工业“三废”对农村环境污染的发展趋势有所减缓，但乡镇工业对农村环境污染的比重仍在逐渐增大，污染势头继续增强。从整体上讲，农村环境质量继续恶化的趋势尚未得到有效的控制。为加强农村环境质量的管理，本文着重论述了农村环境质量区划应遵循的４条原则，以层次分析法为原理，从自然生态环境、人类开发强度、环境状况３个方面，提出由２８个指标组成的农村环境质量区划指标体系，该指标体系简便适用、易于操作，对不同层次、不同地区的具体区划具有指导意义。     

从标准化建设后评估看基层环境监测站的发展

以江阴市环境监测站标准化建设后评估工作为例,介绍了近年来苏南地区县级环境监测站的发展状况,指出了影响基层环境监测站发展的一些问题,并就相关对策进行探讨。     

农村河流污染特点及其控制措施探讨

在对农村河流污染特点进行分析的基础上,对如何有效控制农村河流污染的措施进行了一定的探讨,提出规划在前、政府重视、发动群众、综合整治、循环利用、结合特点、区别对待、建立制度、长效管理的农村河流保护措施。     

自然保护区生态旅游管理规划的基本原则

针对在自然保护区发展生态旅游存在许多问题，诸如自然环境破坏、自然资源匮乏、环境污染、生物多样性减少、管理不完善等问题，提出了在自然保护区发展生态旅游的基本原则。     

The Northwest Forest Plan as a Model for Broad-Scale Ecosystem Management: a Social Perspective

Abstract:  I evaluated the Northwest Forest Plan as a model for ecosystem management to achieve social and economic goals in communities located around federal forests in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. My assessment is based on the results of socioeconomic monitoring conducted to evaluate progress in achieving the plan's goals during its first 10 years. The assessment criteria I used related to economic development and social justice. The Northwest Forest Plan incorporated economic development and social justice goals in its design. Socioeconomic monitoring results indicate that plan implementation to achieve those goals met with mixed success, however. I hypothesize there are two important reasons the plan's socioeconomic goals were not fully met: some of the key assumptions underlying the implementation strategies were flawed and agency institutional capacity to achieve the goals was limited. To improve broad-scale ecosystem management in the future, decision makers should ensure that natural-resource management policies are socially acceptable; land-management agencies have the institutional capacity to achieve their management goals; and social and economic management goals (and the strategies for implementing them) are based on accurate assumptions about the relations between the resources being managed and well-being in local communities. One of the difficulties of incorporating economic development and social justice goals in conservation initiatives is finding ways to link conservation behavior and development activities. From a social perspective, the Northwest Forest Plan as a model for ecosystem management is perhaps most valuable in its attempt to link the biophysical and socioeconomic goals of forest management by creating high-quality jobs for residents of forest communities in forest stewardship and ecosystem management work, thereby contributing to conservation.     

A Concentric Analysis of the Impact of Urbanization on the Threatened European Tree Frog in an Agricultural Landscape

Abstract:  Pond-breeding amphibians are affected by site-specific factors and regional and landscape-scale patterns of land use. Recent anthropogenic landscape modifications (drainage, agriculture intensification, larger road networks, and increased traffic) affect species by reducing the suitable habitat area and fragmenting remaining populations. Using a robust concentric approach based on permutation tests, we evaluated the impact of recent landscape changes on the presence of the endangered European tree frog ( Hyla arborea ) in wetlands. We analyzed the frequency of 1 traffic and 14 land-use indices at 20 circular ranges (from 100-m up to 2-km radii) around 76 ponds identified in western Switzerland. Urban areas and road surfaces had a strong adverse effect on tree frog presence even at relatively great distances (from 100 m up to 1 km). When traffic measurements were considered instead of road surfaces, the effect increased, suggesting a negative impact due to a vehicle-induced effect. Altogether, our results indicate that urbanization and traffic must be taken into account when pond creation is an option in conservation management plans, as is the case for the European tree frog in western Switzerland. We conclude that our easy-to-use and robust concentric method of analysis can successfully assist managers in identifying potential sites for pond creation, where probability of the presence of tree frogs is maximized.     

Detection and delineation of critical areas using echelons and spatial scan statistics with synoptic cellular data

Geographical surveillance for hotspot detection and delineation has become an important area of investigation both in geospatial ecosystem health and in geospatial public health. In order to find critical areas based on synoptic cellular data, geospatial ecosystem health investigations apply recently discovered echelon tools. In order to find elevated rate areas based on synoptic cellular data, geospatial public health investigations apply recently discovered spatial scan statistic tools. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a joint role for these together in the spirit of a cross-disciplinary cross-fertilization to accomplish more effective and efficient geographical surveillance for hotspot detection and delineation, and early warning system.