新民居建设中农村环境教育的发展思路

新民居建设是建设社会主义新农村的重要举措,发展农村环境教育能有效促进农村环境的改善。我国农村环境教育目前存在重视程度不够、教育主体和方式相对单一以及缺乏必要的教育目标等问题。在发展农村环境教育方面明确受教育的主体,并从扩大教育实施主体、开展直接教育和间接教育以及增加政府财经投入等方面入手,才能实现经济发展与农村环境改善的协调发展。     

17份腰果种质萌生特征比较

对17份腰果种质进行截干处理,测定截干后萌生新梢的总数、长度、直径和叶片数,分析不同腰果种质萌生能力之间的差异,同时对植株大小与萌生能力之间的相关性以及新梢各性状之间的相关性进行分析。试验结果表明：不同腰果种质的萌生能力有差异,在新梢总数、长度、直径和叶片数上均存在不同程度的差异;植株的萌生能力与截干前冠幅以及被截一级枝条直径大小有关,新梢长度、直径、叶片数、新梢总数与截干前植株冠幅和被截一级枝条直径之间均呈极显著的正相关关系;新梢总数、长度、直径、叶片数等性状中,除新梢总数与新梢叶片数之间的相关性不显著外,其余各性状彼此间的相关性均达极显著水平。     

中国农业领域温室气体主要减排措施研究分析

气候变暖已成不争事实,主要是由于人为温室气体(GHG)排放增加所致,为减缓气候变暖趋势,各领域迫切需要采取减排措施;农业是一个重要的GHG排放源,农业领域采取减排措施对于减少我国GHG排放、保护农村生态环境有重要意义。文章在大量阅读前人研究结果的基础上,总结我国农业领域主要的减排管理措施,主要从农业活动、农村生活和生物质能源利用三方面进行阐述,并简要分析各措施的减排效果和存在问题。分析发现,农业活动的水肥管理是农田温室气体减排的研究热点,但由于地域和管理流程上的差异,对措施的减排效果尚存在争议;农村生活中存在巨大的减排潜力,采取恰当的减排措施不但可以减少GHG排放,还可以改善农村生态状况和环境卫生条件;农村生物质能源有很大发展潜力,合理开发利用,可以有效替代化石能源消耗,缓解能源危机,减少GHG排放,保护生态环境。总之,在农业领域采取积极的减排措施,有助于国家效应对气候变化,降低农业源污染和GHG排放,减轻环境压力,转换农业发展模式,加速农业现代化,促进农业生产的可持续发展和社会主义新农村建设。     

基于遗传算法的支持向量机预测有机物自燃点的研究

根据定量构效关系(QSPR)原理,研究自燃点(AIT)与其分子结构间的内在定量关系。以265种有机化合物作为样本集,随机选择238种作为训练集,27种作为测试集,用遗传算法(GA)进行变量选择,分别建立多元线性回归(MLR)模型和支持向量机(SVM)模型研究有机物的自燃点与其分子结构间的关系。通过分析,发现造成模型预测效果不佳的原因是试验数据本身存在问题。通过对2个模型的比较,结果为GA-SVM模型明显优于GA-MLR模型,说明自燃点与其分子结构间具有很强的非线性关系。     

"The little squealer" or "the virtual guardian angel"? Young drivers' and their parents' perspective on using a driver monitoring technology and its implications for parent-young driver communication

Introduction

In-vehicle driving monitoring technologies have the potential to enable young drivers to learn from self-assessment. However, their use is largely dependent on parental involvement.

Method

A total of 79 interviews were conducted with young drivers and parents regarding this technology and its use. Most had the experience of having an in-vehicle data recorder installed in the vehicle driven by the young drivers. Parents and the young drivers expressed both appreciation as well as reservations about its potential as a means to enhance the driving safety of young drivers.

Results

A surprising finding was that some parents did not check the feedback and said they relied on the young driver to do so. Main concerns related to privacy, parent-young driver relationship, self-esteem and confidence, constructive use of the feedback data, and the limitations of the documentation that can be done by the technology.

Conclusions

Providing parents and young drivers with a support system and tools to discuss and utilize the feedback are underscored. Challenges include addressing the invasion of young drivers’ privacy and gender differences, and using the monitoring-capacity of the technology to enhance safe driving practices. Implications for programs to enhance communication and a dialogical approach between parents and young drivers are discussed.     

Antecedents and outcomes of contingent workers' attitudes toward their temporary help services firm: A unit level longitudinal investigation

This study explored the unit‐level antecedents and outcomes of contingent workers' attitudes toward their temporary help services (THS) firm. It was proposed that (a) client‐orientation levels of the THS firm's full‐time staff would influence the level of support received by contingent workers, (b) staff supportiveness would be reciprocated by these workers in the form of favorable firm‐directed attitudes, and (c) contingent workers' attitudes toward the THS firm would influence two unit‐level outcomes—client reported service failure, and voluntary turnover rates of THS staff. Support was found for all the hypothesized relationships in a longitudinal study utilizing survey data gathered from 1324 full‐time employees, 570 contingent workers, and 1951 clients; and archival data on staff turnover from 46 strategic business units (SBUs) of a THS firm. These results are discussed within the context of employee–organization relationship (EOR), contingent workforce, and service management literatures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Competing hypotheses analyses of the associations between group task conflict and group relationship conflict

Although previous research have reported strong and positive intercorrelations between group task conflict and group relationship conflict, several different theoretical rationales exist for the positive link and the empirical literature remains equivocal. To clarify the causal linkage between the two types of conflict, we derived seven models specifying how group task and relationship conflict can be related to each other, including some rival explanations. We tested the competing models using a longitudinal panel design, with data collected from 74 project teams comprising a total of 388 students. The results indicated that relationship conflict led to an increased subsequent task conflict through negative group affect. Task conflict, however, predicted a subsequent relationship conflict under a specific context, that is, groups that had lower levels of trust among the members. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

旅游对全面脱贫与乡村振兴作用的途径与模式——“旅游扶贫与乡村振兴”专家笔谈

如何借助旅游发展将脱贫攻坚同乡村振兴战略有机结合起来,是新时代背景下乡村地区发展的重要议题。针对旅游扶贫与乡村振兴所面临的挑战与机遇,来自旅游学、人类学、社会学和地理学的10位专家依据“理论辨析—作用途径—作用模式”逻辑进行了跨学科研讨与对话。为实现这一目标,需要充分认识以往旅游扶贫中遗留的不均衡、不充分等发展问题,坚持乡村正位,确立城乡平等“互哺”的关系;厘清传统村落保护与乡村振兴的辩证关系,厘清乡村性、乡村旅游与乡村振兴之间的多重逻辑关系;区分明确区域差异和发展阶段差异,并因时因地制宜;需要协同多元主体,尊重村民理性,提升乡村居民公民性;探索慢旅游、数字经济与乡村旅游融合等创新发展路径。     

苏南地区农村宅基地转型研究：基于利用状态的视角

农村宅基地转型是土地利用转型研究的重要内容。目前学界关于宅基地转型的研究主要集中在规模结构等显性形态方面,对隐性转型的研究仍较欠缺。以乡村经济发达的苏南地区为例,通过对正常使用、空置、废弃等不同利用状态宅基地空间分异规律的刻画,探索其功能转型的一般规律,并进一步分析宅基地空置与废弃的影响因素。结果表明：在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,“房子不用来住”的问题在农村地区同样存在,而且在不同代际和空间区位上农村宅基地的利用状态有所差异。具体地,1980年以前的老宅基地从距离城镇较远和较近的“两端”开始,其空废比率向中间地带递减;随着市场化和城镇化水平提升,1980—2000年的中龄宅基地空废比率呈现由近郊向外递减的趋势,城镇化影响下的距离衰减规律明显。近年来,伴随农村宅基地财产/资产属性的逐步显现,农村宅基地的利用状态与空间区位之间的关联关系弱化。2010年以后新宅基地的空置率出现反弹,尤其靠近城镇的农村地区“囤地”现象严重,发端于城镇地区的“地产霸权”正在向乡村地区蔓延。     

岩溶槽谷区农村居民点的时空分布特征及其驱动机制

深入分析岩溶槽谷区农村居民点的时空分布特征及驱动机制,对复杂地形、经济滞后地区建设美丽新农村有重要意义。在GIS技术支持下,基于核密度、网格、重心模型、样带及地形剖面相结合的方法,以2005年、2010年、2014年和2017年槽谷区农村居民点为数据源,对其时空演变特征及其规律进行对比分析。研究表明：（1）槽谷区农村居民点呈“西部集聚组团量少规模大,而中、东部零散错落量多规模小”的空间分布模式。（2）西部槽谷农村居民点垂直和坡度重心均有向槽坝迁移的趋势,而中、东部则相反。（3）西部槽谷农村居民点布局呈槽坝高、山坡两翼低的倒“U”型格局,而中、东部则相反。（4）槽谷区农村居民点分布格局与地形间存在密切的空间响应关系。