农村供水微污染水源特征及处理技术研究

农村水环境状况日益恶化,饮用水水源受到严重威胁,供水水源出现不同程度的微污染,农村微污染水源水的污染指标以高锰酸盐指数和氨氮为主.由于农村供水的特殊性,需要研究适合村镇供水实际的微污染原水处理技术,文章重点分析了目前常用的微污染原水净化的技术,从中提出适合农村微污染水源水处理的技术方案.文章经过分析认为,采用强化混凝和强化过滤,吸附预处理和生物预处理是适合农村微污染水源水处理的技术;深度处理通常不适合农村供水.     

Rank aggregation of local expert knowledge for conservation planning of the critically endangered saola

There has been much recent interest in using local knowledge and expert opinion for conservation planning, particularly for hard‐to‐detect species. Although it is possible to ask for direct estimation of quantities such as population size, relative abundance is easier to estimate. However, an expert's knowledge is often geographically restricted relative to the area of interest. Combining (or aggregating) experts’ assessments of relative abundance is difficult when each expert only knows a part of the area of interest. We used Google's PageRank algorithm to aggregate ranked abundance scores elicited from local experts through a rapid rural‐appraisal method. We applied this technique to conservation planning for the saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), a poorly known bovid. Near a priority landscape for the species, composed of 3 contiguous protected areas, we asked groups of local people to indicate relative abundances of saola and other species by placing beans on community maps. For each village, we used this information to rank areas within the knowledge area of that village for saola abundance. We used simulations to compare alternative methods to aggregate the rankings from the different villages. The best‐performing method was then used to produce a single map of relative abundance across the entire landscape, an area larger than that known to any one village. This map has informed prioritization of surveys and conservation action in the continued absence of direct information about the saola.     

Bivariate cointegration between poverty and environment: a case study of Pakistan (1980–2009)

The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate a two-way statistical relationship between the agriculture environment and rural poverty. To recognise the relationship between the two variables, a time series, co-integration and Granger causality tests have been employed. Secondary data pertaining to Pakistan from 1980–2009 on rural poverty and environmental factors (such as commercial energy consumption, water availability and total cropped area) have been used for the analysis. The empirical results only moderately support the conventional view that rural poverty has a significant long-term casual effect on environmental proxies in Pakistan. The present study finds evidence of uni-directional causality between poverty and the environment in the context of the agriculture sector in Pakistan.     

广东省农村民居地震安全示范工程实施现状分析

结合广东各地农村经济发展状况和民居特点,简要阐述了全省地震安全农居示范工程实施基础,较系统地介绍了当前示范工程实施情况,对存在的不足和工作难点进行了比较深入的分析和科学总结,并提出行之有效的解决方案。     

我国农村养老模式的绩效研究

继新农合实施以来,新农保也被党和政府提上日程。认识现有养老模式的优缺点是有效开展新农合的前提。本文将现有各种养老模式总结为三种理论模式,分别是个体时间平衡、家庭时间平衡、社会时间平衡。然后在回顾各模式的历史演变的基础上,从理论上对比了三者之间的绩效差异,绩效研究的视角有风险化解的有效性、个体福利和社会福利三个。研究结果表明,风险化解最为有效的是社会时间平衡,其次是家庭时间平衡,最后个体时间平衡;从个体福利的角度来看,个体福利最大的是家庭时间平衡、其次是社会时间平衡,再者是个体时间平衡;从社会福利的角度来看,个体时间平衡和家庭时间平衡是能够促进经济的长期增长的,而社会时间平衡方式则不利于资本积累,相反有可能妨碍经济的长期增长。     

农村环境保护问题与对策初探

通过对农村环境现状的全面分析,指出了我国农村环境保护问题产生的原因,并针对原因,提出了相应的对策和保障措施。     

以德钦县为例探讨高原牧区农村环境保护

介绍了德钦县概况，分析了德钦县存在的主要问题，提出了保护对策及建议。     

新农村建设背景下农村环境教育对策研究

目前我国新农村环境形势十分严峻,环境教育薄弱是一个重要的原因.农村环境教育是我国环境教育的重要组成部分,也是当前我国环境保护和环境教育工作的重点.设计切实可行的教育方案是成功实施农村环境教育的关键.在论述环境教育意义的基础上,分析了强化平台基地建设和推进环境信息公开,在农村环境宣传教育中的基础作用.设计了领导干部和公务员、乡镇企业领导和员工、农民、城镇居民、大学生和未成年人等五大重点群体环境教育方案,提出了确保环境教育取得实效的长效保障机制对策建议.     

Insights into community vulnerability and resilience following natural disasters: perspectives with food retailers in Northern NSW,Australia

The resilience of Australia's food-supply chain following natural disasters has been brought into question, following the significant flooding and cyclone events of 2010/2011. How this manifests at the community level, in both rural and urban locations, has been examined through the lens of large and small food retailers in northern NSW. These interviews reveal the fragility of both the long and short supply chain where transport systems are compromised. Self-imposed standards severely restricted the ability of supermarkets to acquire fresh food, in the face of transport disruptions. Similarly, the precarious position of rural food retailers, exposed to continual fuel and electricity price increases, is compounded by the impact of extreme weather events. The insights captured through this study suggest interception points, or policy entry points, to address the resilience of the food-supply chain.     

Agricultural landscapes as multi-scale public good and the role of the Common Agricultural Policy

During the last 50 years, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has impacted the evolution of European agricultural landscapes by driving changes in land use and farming practices. We propose a typology characterising the scales relevant for agricultural landscapes management and argue that action is required on three scales: (1) a landscape oriented management at the farm level; (2) the coordination of land managers’ actions at the landscape level; and (3) the conservation of the diversity of agricultural landscapes in the EU. We provide evidence that until now the CAP has mainly focused on the first scale. We also illustrate how agricultural policy could encourage coordinated actions at the landscape- and EU-scales. In particular, we propose policy instruments to coordinate actions of individual land owners (e.g. collective bonus in agro-environmental contracts or support to environmental cooperatives (scale 2)). We also analyse how the recognition and transposition of the European Landscape Convention could promote trans-frontier landscape cooperation in order, not only to conserve high-quality rural landscapes, but also to ensure the conservation of the diversity of EU landscapes (scale 3). This paper provides a knowledge base to support an integrated CAP design in the direction of improved landscape management, as an important component of the EU project towards more sustainable agriculture.