西湖底泥不同供氧条件下有机质降解及CO2与CH4释放速率的模拟研究

采用密闭培养实验装置于室温（２５℃左右）及ｐＨ为７５条件下，对西湖底泥中有机质完全降解及转化为ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４的速率进行了模拟研究．结果表明，在西湖湖水现有供氧水平（５０—８６ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ）条件下，底泥中有机质完全降解的速率最为缓慢，培养期间（４２天）平均只有０７２ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·ｄ）．当湖水供氧水平进一步上升（８６→１２０→１６０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＯ２释放速率增加，最大值可达到８７ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）；当湖水供氧水平下降（８６→０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＨ４释放速率加快，最大值可达到４６ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）．     

An evaluation of quality assurance to monitor acidprecipitation by using ion balancein Guizhou, China

ＡｎｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｑｕａｌｉｔｙａｓｓｕｒａｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｎｉｔｏｒａｃｉｄｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｉｏｎｂａｌａｎｃｅｉｎＧｕｉｚｈｏｕ，ＣｈｉｎａＫａｎｇＤｅｍｅｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－Ｅｎｖｉｒ...     

Flow cytometric method to measure urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase from blood neutrophils for use in the prenatal screening of Down's syndrome

The histochemical measurement of urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase from maternal blood neutrophils is known to have a high detection rate for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome pregnancies. However, because the histochemical method is laborious and subjective to use, it has not gained widespread acceptance in prenatal screening programmes. We present a simple and objective method for the measurement of urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase by flow cytometry. The method should allow the design of larger studies aimed at evaluating the role of neutrophil urea-resistant alkaline phosphatase in the prenatal screening for Down's syndrome.     

Expanding multiple marker screening for Down's syndrome to include Edward'S syndrome

Information on maternal age and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol (uE₃), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels was used to investigate retrospectively the effect of estimating Edward's syndrome risk in women having multi-marker screening for Down's syndrome. The screened population comprised 15 pregnancies affected by Edward's syndrome, 15 with Down's syndrome and 5472 unaffected pregnancies. The use of all three markers to estimate Edward's syndrome risk would have led to the detection of 10–12 (67–80 per cent) cases with a false-positive rate of 0.3–0.6 per cent depending on the risk cut-off. A further case would have been detected as a result of screening for Down's syndrome alone. Similar results were obtained when the Edward's syndrome risk was based on uE₃ and hCG only. These data suggest that extending Down's syndrome screening to include Edward's syndrome risk will yield a high detection rate with only a small increase in the false-positive rate.     

序列间歇式好氧活性污泥法处理生物制药废水研究

本研究采用好氧ＳＢＲ法处理生物制药废水。试验结果表明，废水中不需另加氮磷营养物质，当进水ＣＯＤＣｒ为９１１～３２８０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，在曝气１６ｈ条件下，出水ＣＯＤＣｒ在３５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＢＯＤ５在８０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＳＳ在１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，皆达到生物制药工业废水二级排放标准。本文还对好氧ＳＢＲ法的有机物降解动力学过程进行了研究。     

反气相色谱法测定麦饭石对苯类的吸附

以麦饭石为吸附质，采用反气相色谱法测定了载气流量、麦饭石装柱质量和载气湿度对吸附等温线测定的影响，测定了苯等４种挥发性芳香类有机物在麦饭石颗粒上的吸附焓。结果表明，在水蒸汽存在的条件下，苯等４种挥发性有机物在麦饭石颗粒上的吸附能遵循理想气相色谱方程，且测得的吸附焓和其蒸发焓较接近。     

上海市大气PM2.5中溶剂可抽提有机物的特征研究

利用溶剂抽提、分离、毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对2000年10月至2001年8月上海市5个不同功能区采集的大气PM_(2.5)样品中的溶剂可抽提有机物进行了检测,共检测出正构烷烃、单环芳烃、多环芳烃、有机酸、有机醇、有机酯等各类溶剂可抽提有机化合物267种。检出的82种多环芳烃中有15种属于美国EPA优先控制污染物名单。比较了不同季节、不同区域PM_(2.5)样品中正构烷烃、多环芳烃等化合物分布特征的差异。检出的喹啉类含氮杂环类化合物以及有机酸等污染物表现出一定的机动车排放特征。     

生物法净化废气中低浓度挥发性有机物的过程机理研究

 针对生物法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气的过程机理研究表明，生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯气体是一个以气膜控制为主的传质过程，其中甲苯的生化降解属于瞬时快速化学反应，即甲苯的生化降解反应速率远远超过甲苯在液膜中的扩散速率，甲苯的生化降解在气液相界面处即可发生，其宏观表现即为甲苯气体直接吸附在润湿的生物膜上后迅速被微生物生化降解。因此，可以从气体吸附理论的新角度去解释生物法净化废气中低浓度挥发性有机物的动力学过程。对于低浓度挥发性有机废气的生物法净化装置的设计与操作而言，凡能改善传质条件、减少气膜阻力的措施均能强化这一生物吸收净化过程。     

海水水质评价的倍斜率隶属函数聚类法

建立了宽域式倍斜率聚类的海水水质评价模式，其函数的右侧斜度为左侧斜率的２倍，勿求权重，直接聚类，海水水质评价实例说明，本文模糊综合评判法和灰色聚类法和更为合理，实用。     

Neutron activation method in the analysis of environmental objects

ＮｅｕｔｒｏｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓＧ．Ｍ．Ｋｏｌｅｓｏｖ（Ｖ．Ｉ．ＶｅｒｎａｄｓｋｙＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｃｈｅｍ。＆Ａｎａｌ．Ｃｈｅｍ．，ＲｕｓｓｉａｎＡｃａｄ...