余杭区机动车尾气污染现状及防治对策

机动车业的发展和普及,为人们的生活带来许多方便。但是,随着机动车数量的不断增加,排气污染对城市环境的影响越来越明显。对机动车污染现状的分析,探讨如何控制机动车尾气污染的措施和方法。     

镉胁迫下缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)抗氧化酶活性及DNA损伤的研究

通过重金属暴露法,研究了不同质量浓度Cd2+在96 h内对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)消化腺和鳃组织三种抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)活性的影响及DNA的损伤.结果显示:暴露的短时间内Cd2+对缢蛏两种组织SOD和CAT的激活作用随Cd2+浓度的升高而升高,最高浓度组(0.1 mg/...     

渤海石油平台溢油生态环境损害评估系统开发研究

为了准确评估渤海石油平台溢油对生态环境造成的损害,本文对国内外溢油生态损害评估方法进行了梳理,选择出适当的评估方法应用于渤海石油平台溢油生态损害评估中,实现了对海域的环境容量损失、生态服务功能损失和天然渔业损失的评估,最后借助计算机技术完成了生态损害评估的系统开发.模型的运行结果验证了模型的科学性和实用性,能够为有关部...     

春季黄海边界层内海盐细粒子氯亏损及混合状态研究

为了解海盐气溶胶和亚洲出流污染物的相互影响,对2001年春季黄海边界层内观测的气溶胶细粒子可溶离子浓度(AGE-Asia中NCAR C-130飞机航测)进行了研究.所分析的6个航段(航段1～航段6)都位于黄海中部(124.0°E～125.1°E,34.3°N～36.4°N)的大气边界层内.离子摩尔比和相关分析表明,在所...     

采空区顶板-矿柱体系蠕变损伤力学模型研究

为分析采空区顶板-矿柱体系的稳定性,并预测采空区的稳定时间,采用薄板理论、流变力学和损伤力学理论,建立了采空区顶板-矿柱体系蠕变损伤力学模型.在此模型基础上推导采空区顶板挠度的微分方程,根据采空区顶板在不同阶段的边界条件采用伽辽金方法对该微分方程进行了求解,并在排山楼金矿老采空区进行了工程应用,将预测结果与现场监测结果进行了对比分析,验证了模型的可靠性.研究表明:建立的力学模型能够较准确地运用于采空区稳定时间预测;矿柱的流变变形随时间延长逐渐增大,如不采取加固措施,排山楼金矿老采空区将出现顶板-矿柱体系的坍塌.     

多轴蠕变-疲劳寿命预测系统软件开发

目的开发多轴-蠕变疲劳寿命预测系统软件。方法采用Visual Studio 2010,编程语言用C++/CLI,Win Form开发方式,通过编制三维载荷下的临界面确定,多轴循环计数,多轴蠕变损伤,多轴疲劳损伤,蠕变-疲劳交互作用计算等各种程序,开发高温环境下的多轴蠕变-疲劳寿命预测系统软件。结果所开发的专用寿命预测软件,程序运行环境为Windows操作系统,需要NET4.0环境支持。数据采用Micro Soft Access2010,数据库管理采用了ADO.NET技术。结论软件系统适用于随机多轴载荷下高温环境中热端机械零部件的损伤状态评估和寿命预测。     

Indium tin oxide nanoparticles-mediated DNA fragmentation and cell death by apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NP) have extensive applications in industrial fields, and concerns regarding their potential toxicity in humans and environmental impact have increased. Since exposure to ITO NP is mainly via skin and inhalation, this study was conducted utilizing human lung epithelial (A549) cell line. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of the ITO NP for 24 and 48 hr. A severe cytotoxic response of ITO NP was observed as evident by the (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake assays after 48 hr exposure. ITO NP significantly reduced glutathione levels with a concomitant increase in lipid hydroperoxide levels, superoxide activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after exposure. A significant induction in caspase activity and formation of condensed chromosomal bodies was also observed after ITO NP (10 or 25 µg/ml) exposure. Furthermore, a significant induction in DNA damage was observed by the Comet assay in cells exposed to ITO NP. Our data demonstrate that ITO NP display cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. However, increase in ROS levels and oxidative stress leading to oxidative DNA damage and condensed chromosomal bodies formation, suggests involvement of apotosis. Thus, ITO NP-mediated effects on cell viability indicate cytotoxicity, and therefore, exposures need to be carefully monitored in the industrial sector.     

Effect of hydrogen sulfide in comparison to atorvastatin on endothelial damage in cholesterol-fed rabbits

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous gaseous molecule, functioning as a physiological regulator. This study aimed to investigate the role of H₂S in atherosclerosis. Rabbits receiving high cholesterol were given atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day, orally) or sodium sulfide (1.1 mg/kg/day, intramuscular) 2 weeks after commencement of high-cholesterol diet and continued for 4 weeks. Serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation indexed as malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, the vascular adhesion molecule-1, and aortic vascular endothelial growth factor were determined. Rabbits receiving a high-cholesterol diet showed elevated levels of total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde and vascular adhesion molecule-1, and aortic vascular endothelial growth factor expression and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. Treatment with atorvastatin and sodium sulfide has beneficial effects on serum lipid profile, oxidative damage, vascular adhesion molecule-1, and aortic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.     

潮滩湿地土壤有机碳储量及其与土壤理化因子的关系——以崇明东滩为例

基于上海崇明东滩2013年3月的实测数据,借助ArcGIS软件进行Kriging空间插值,运用SPSS 21.0软件进行相关分析及通径分析,研究了崇明东滩表层30 cm深度土壤有机碳含量以及环境因子的空间分布特征,并对土壤有机碳储量进行了估算.结果表明,崇明东滩表层30 cm深度土壤有机碳密度介于1.02～5.22kg· m-2之间,平均值为2.32 kg·m-2,土壤有机碳储量为1.15×10s kg.土壤有机碳含量、土壤全盐量、含水量和NDVI指数的空间分布规律类似,呈现北高南低、高潮滩高而低潮滩低的趋势.中值粒径和容重的空间分布规律类似,表现为北低南高,高潮滩小于低潮滩.高程和pH值的空间分布规律不明显,空间变异性较小.7项环境因子与土壤有机碳含量都存在显著相关性,其中土壤全盐量是影响崇明东滩表层土壤有机碳含量的最主要因子.     

邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯致小鼠肾组织氧化损伤的研究

邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯是一种新型替代增塑剂,对其毒性研究已受到广泛关注。为探究邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯对肾组织的氧化损伤作用,将昆明小鼠随机分为5组,包括1个阴性对照组、4个邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯染毒组,按0.5、5、50和500 mg·kg-1四个剂量水平灌胃染毒14天。制备小鼠肾组织切片进行病理学观察,以肾组织匀浆测定活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine,8-OHd G)的含量,以肾组织细胞悬液测定DNA-蛋白质交联(DNA-protein Crosslink,DPC)系数。随着邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯染毒剂量的升高,小鼠肾组织的损伤程度加重,ROS、MDA、8-OHd G含量和DPC系数逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低,各指标均呈一定剂量-效应关系。染毒剂量为5 mg·kg-1时,ROS、DPC系数差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);染毒剂量为50 mg·kg-1和500 mg·kg-1时,ROS、GSH、8-OHd G、MDA含量和DPC系数差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结果表明较高剂量(≥50 mg·kg-1)邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯可造成小鼠肾组织氧化损伤。