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171.
172.
特种化工废水的生物毒性、抑制性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
某厂特种有机废水 ,含季铵盐和羟乙基纤维素。研究表明 ,他们在浓度分别超过 1 2 0 mg/L和 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,呈现生物毒性或抑制性 ,且随浓度增高而严重影响废水生化处理效果。当水样中季铵盐浓度小于 1 2 0 mg/L,羟乙基纤维素浓度小于 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,它们不具生物毒性 ,可作为营养物质被微生物利用。废水动态模拟试验表明 ,进水 CODCr30 0 0 mg/L的废水 ,用接触厌氧—好氧生化法能使出水达到当地排放标准。 相似文献
173.
从处理含盐(NaCl浓度为0.77mol/L)苯乙酸生产污水的耐盐活性污泥中分离到一株节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.A1)。该菌株能在NaCl浓度为0.1mol/L-2.0mol/L,以苯乙酸为唯一碳源的基础培养基中生长,或在NaCl浓度为0mol/L-2.4mol/L的完全培养基中生长,并能适应急剧的盐浓度变化,对其它常见的低价态无机盐份如KCl、MgCl2、(NH4)2SO4、Na2SO4、CaCl2也具有较强的耐受性,而对高价态无机盐份和重金属盐则耐受性不强。在不同的NaCl浓度下,菌株A1细胞内的QAC(季胺化合物)、游离氨基酸和K^ 含量与盐浓度的升高成正比关系。 相似文献
174.
175.
水喷淋法是连续采煤过程中广泛应用的一种有效的除尘方法。由于煤是憎水性物质,使水喷淋的除尘效率受到一定的限制。本研究表明,粉尘的粒径影响极大,粒径越小的煤尘,界面张力对它的影响相对就越大,其捕集效率就越低,使用表面活性剂的效力也就越明显。当尘粒极微小时,其斯托克数亦很小,使动能小于穿透功(Ek<W),惯性碰撞不再是支配性的捕集作用机理,尘粒与水滴之间的界面作用要受到许多其他参数的控制。在不同的操作条件下,许多作用力互相竞争,起着各种各样的协同作用。喷淋水中含有电解质会降低煤尘捕集效率,含盐量的多少是一个不可忽视的因素。阳离子表面活性剂可以提高憎水性煤尘的捕集效率,但是,喷淋水中的电解质会干扰离子型表面活性剂的效力。 相似文献
176.
Almeida CM Mucha AP Vasconcelos MT 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(5):271-277
Goal, Scope and Background The presence or absence of vegetation can condition sediment characteristics. The main aim of this work was to investigate
the influence of the sea rush Juncus maritimus on metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) availability to organisms living
on or in estuarine sediments, from Douro River (NW Portugal), by comparing the characteristics and chemical behaviour of rhizosediments
(collected within the plant assemblage) and those of sediment (collected around the plant). In order to evaluate whether and
how sediment characteristics condition the role of plants on metal availability, sandy and muddy sediments colonised by J.
maritimus were studied in parallel.
Methods Metal availability was estimated by enzymatic digestion with pepsin (ED), which may provide an estimate of metal availability
to organisms living at estuarine sediments. Nevertheless, since no consensus exists yet on the most suitable methodologies
to estimate metal bioavailability in sediments, two more conventional approaches, BCR sequential extraction (SE) and AVS/SEM
model, were also used, in parallel, and the information these approaches provided was compared with that provided by ED. Total-recoverable
metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after sediment digestion using a high-pressure microwave
system.
Results and Discussion Plants could concentrate metals around its roots and rhizomes. In addition, they were capable of oxidizing (release of oxygen
by the roots) the anaerobic medium surrounding their roots in muddy sediment (reducing AVS). As sulphide oxidation renders
metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) into more soluble forms, according to the AVS/SEM model, metals from muddy sites would be more
available in rhizosediment than in sediment. The SE approach led to a similar conclusion. Nevertheless, the results provided
by ED pointed at opposite conclusion, particularly for Cd and Zn, indicating less availability at rhizosediments than in the
surrounding sediment. ED results were interpreted as a consequence of an enrichment of the rhizosediment in organic ligands
exuded by the roots or liberated by dead plants. The effect of complexation of metals by organic compounds, which ED could
not decompose/dissolve, seemed to overcome that caused by sediment oxidation. In general, a comparison of the information
about metal availability by ED, SE, AVS/SEM, showed that it did not always match and in few cases it was even contradictory.
Conclusion and Outlook Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the metal availability in sediments requires a combination of different chemical approaches,
so as to take into consideration differences in ways of organism exposure (interstitial water and/or ingestion of sediment
particles).
- * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August
to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France. 相似文献
177.
主要对江苏淮安盐化工循环经济发展的现状,发展的必要性、可行性及可操作性进行了分析研究,并对加快淮安盐化工循环经济发展提出了几点建议。 相似文献
178.
The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (87Sr/86Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of 3H, which is typical of air masses from Asia. 相似文献
179.
以水洗除尘技术为基础,针对下喷淋洗涤净化技术的不足,提出了反传统的向上喷淋洗涤净化的理论及液滴二次细化技术,使洗涤液滴在净化段的运行停留时间得以成倍提高,洗涤循环液的消耗量大幅度降低,显著提高了净化除尘效率和可靠性,又降低了循环泵的运行电耗,综合技术经济效益高。 相似文献
180.