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21.
Environmental heterogeneity is increasingly being used to select conservation areas that will provide for future biodiversity under a variety of climate scenarios. This approach, termed conserving nature's stage (CNS), assumes environmental features respond to climate change more slowly than biological communities, but will CNS be effective if the stage were to change as rapidly as the climate? We tested the effectiveness of using CNS to select sites in salt marshes for conservation in coastal Georgia (U.S.A.), where environmental features will change rapidly as sea level rises. We calculated species diversity based on distributions of 7 bird species with a variety of niches in Georgia salt marshes. Environmental heterogeneity was assessed across six landscape gradients (e.g., elevation, salinity, and patch area). We used 2 approaches to select sites with high environmental heterogeneity: site complementarity (environmental diversity [ED]) and local environmental heterogeneity (environmental richness [ER]). Sites selected based on ER predicted present‐day species diversity better than randomly selected sites (up to an 8.1% improvement), were resilient to areal loss from SLR (1.0% average areal loss by 2050 compared with 0.9% loss of randomly selected sites), and provided habitat to a threatened species (0.63 average occupancy compared with 0.6 average occupancy of randomly selected sites). Sites selected based on ED predicted species diversity no better or worse than random and were not resilient to SLR (2.9% average areal loss by 2050). Despite the discrepancy between the 2 approaches, CNS is a viable strategy for conservation site selection in salt marshes because the ER approach was successful. It has potential for application in other coastal areas where SLR will affect environmental features, but its performance may depend on the magnitude of geological changes caused by SLR. Our results indicate that conservation planners that had heretofore excluded low‐lying coasts from CNS planning could include coastal ecosystems in regional conservation strategies. 相似文献
22.
西大海湖沉积物营养盐垂直分布特征变化分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过对西大海湖心柱状沉积岩芯有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、磷形态和粒度指标的测试和分析,探讨其垂向分布特征及影响因素.结果表明,营养盐中OM、TN和TP的含量分别为0.633%~2.756%、0.150%~0.429%和648.00~1 480.67 mg·kg-1.Ca-P是TP的主要部分,占TP含量66.04%.1843~1970年间,Ca-P、IP、OM含量变化较小,Fe/Al-P、OP、TP、TN含量波动较大;1970~1996年间,Ca-P、IP、TP含量变化均呈减小趋势,Fe/Al-P、OP、OM含量不同程度上先减少后增加,TN波动较大;1996~2009年营养元素含量相对波动较大,Fe/Al-P、OP和OM的平均含量是3个阶段中最高的.西大海湖沉积岩芯营养元素污染来源以工业废水、生活污水和化肥农药的流失为主.沉积物中C/N比值显示有机质主要来源于水生生物.沉积物粒度组成以黏土和细粉砂为主.相关性研究表明,Ca-P、IP与TP均呈显著的正相关关系,表明Ca-P对IP、TP的增长贡献大. 相似文献
23.
为了解外源钙对缓解沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)盐胁迫的主要生理机制,采用盆栽法探究在0、100、200 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下,分别添加5、10、15和20 mmol/L的Ca(NO3)2对沙拐枣同化枝中w(脯氨酸)、丙二醛含量、w(可溶性蛋白)、w(可溶性糖)的影响.结果表明,单独添加Ca(NO3)2使沙拐枣同化枝内w(脯氨酸)、丙二醛含量、w(可溶性蛋白)以及w(可溶性糖)增加,即Ca(NO3)2对沙拐枣的生长造成了胁迫.对w(脯氨酸)、丙二醛含量、w(可溶性蛋白)、w(可溶性糖)来说,NaCl和Ca(NO3)2之间均存在极显著的交互作用,与对照相比,在c(NaCl)分别为100、200 mmol/L,添加c[Ca(NO3)2]为10、20 mmol/L时,w(脯氨酸)显著增加,分别达到最大值(736.7、1 086.3 μg/g);丙二醛含量分别降低了37.8%和40.5%,w(可溶性蛋白)以及w(可溶性糖)均增加.总之,适宜浓度的钙盐通过增加渗透物质w(脯氨酸)、w(可溶性蛋白)及w(可溶性糖),降低丙二醛的含量来有效缓解盐胁迫对沙拐枣幼苗产生的伤害,当c(NaCl)/c[Ca(NO3)2]为10:1时,缓解作用最佳,并且钙盐对沙拐枣盐胁迫的缓解属于抗性诱导的调节作用. 相似文献
24.
针对博斯腾湖日益严重的盐污染问题,以博斯腾湖西岸表面流人工湿地为研究对象,引当地排渠水进入人工湿地,对人工湿地的进水和出水进行连续7个月的水质监测,对比分析进水和出水中8种离子(Ca~(2+)、Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-)和矿化度的变化,结果表明:人工湿地进水含盐量较高,8种离子的浓度和矿化度波动较大,4月和10月进水为微咸水,5—9月进水为咸水,而出水含盐量相对较低,8种离子的浓度和矿化度波动较小,各月出水均为微咸水。经计算分析可知,人工湿地对水体总盐的平均去除率为51%,水体盐分的去除率与温度呈正相关,且随季节性温度变化而发生变化。 相似文献
25.
自然型氨基酸及其钾盐的 CO2吸收和再生特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在CO2吸收过程中,选择具有不挥发和不发生氧化降解特性的氨基酸盐吸收剂有助于降低吸收剂损失和减轻环境污染风险,故本研究以CO2吸收速率和再生速率为指标,对L-精氨酸和精氨酸钾(PA)吸收剂的CO2吸收性能和常压下热再生性能进行了实验分析,并研究了吸收剂质量分数、反应温度及吸收-再生循环次数对CO2吸收特性的影响,同时还与乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)和三乙醇胺(TEA)进行了对比分析.结果表明,在实验的质量分数范围内,PA具有最高的CO2吸收速率和吸收能力,分别为24.5×10-3mol.(L.min)-1和1.99 mol.mol-1,比相同质量分数的MEA高2.1%和290.2%.温度影响结果表明,40℃时PA和MEA的CO2吸收速率均高于其他实验温度.相同再生条件下,PA的贫液CO2负荷要略高于MEA,但PA的再生程度可达72.8%,比MEA高19%.同时,3次"吸收-再生"循环之后,10%PA的CO2吸收能力仍可保持在1.03mol.mol-1,比10%MEA高255.2%.实验结果也表明,L-精氨酸具有较强的CO2吸收能力,其CO2吸收速率与同质量分数的DEA可比. 相似文献
26.
The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years. In this study, Friedel’s salt (FS:3CaO·A12O3 ·CaCl2 ·10H2O), a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent, was synthesized to remove Cd2+ from water. The adsorption process was simulated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption mechanism was further analyzed with TEM, XRD, FT-IR analysis and monitoring of metal cations released and solution pH variation. The results indicated the adsorbent FS had an outstanding ability for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) removal can reach up to 671.14 mg/g. The nearly equal numbers of Cd2+ adsorbed and Ca2+ released demonstrated that ion-exchange (both surface and inner) of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) played an important role during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the surface of the FS after adsorption was microscopically disintegrated while the inner lamellar structure was almost unchanged. The behavior of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption by FS was significantly affected by surface reactions. The mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption by the FS mainly included surface complexation and surface precipitation. In the present study, the adsorption process was fitted better by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9999) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.8122). Finally, due to the high capacity for ion-exchange on the FS surface, FS is a promising layered inorganic adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from water. 相似文献
27.
为研究咸潮预警,上海某饮用水源地安装了蓝色卫士水质综合预警系统。采用实验室配制人工海水模拟减潮,通过动态实验研究蓝色卫士的成潮预警值。试验证明,成潮预警值设定范围为1.6~1.8较好。经过连续1a自动监测,蓝色卫士共准确预警预报两次成潮,成功保障了该水源地的饮水安全。 相似文献
28.
The continuing conundrum of the LEA proteins 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Research into late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins has been ongoing for more than 20 years but, although there is a strong association of LEA proteins with abiotic stress tolerance particularly dehydration and cold stress, for most of that time, their function has been entirely obscure. After their initial discovery in plant seeds, three major groups (numbered 1, 2 and 3) of LEA proteins have been described in a range of different plants and plant tissues. Homologues of groups 1 and 3 proteins have also been found in bacteria and in certain invertebrates. In this review, we present some new data, survey the biochemistry, biophysics and bioinformatics of the LEA proteins and highlight several possible functions. These include roles as antioxidants and as membrane and protein stabilisers during water stress, either by direct interaction or by acting as molecular shields. Along with other hydrophilic proteins and compatible solutes, LEA proteins might also serve as “space fillers” to prevent cellular collapse at low water activities. This multifunctional capacity of the LEA proteins is probably attributable in part to their structural plasticity, as they are largely lacking in secondary structure in the fully hydrated state, but can become more folded during water stress and/or through association with membrane surfaces. The challenge now facing researchers investigating these enigmatic proteins is to make sense of the various in vitro defined functions in the living cell: Are the LEA proteins truly multi-talented, or are they still just misunderstood? 相似文献
29.
填埋垃圾浸提液与地下水污染物组成差异及成因 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
为揭示垃圾渗滤液污染地下水特征,采用常规分析、三维荧光光谱和多元统计分析,研究了某简易填埋场垃圾浸提液与地下水中无机盐、有机物及重金属的分布特征及成因.结果表明,填埋场垃圾异质性强,浸提液中NH+4-N浓度高,而Cl-、SO2-4、溶解性有机物(DOM)、重金属含量低,强还原氛围导致硝化过程受阻,NO-3-N、NO-2-N含量低,浸提液中Cu主要结合在DOM上,而Ba、Cd、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn及As主要结合在疏水性有机物上.除填埋场所在点地下水外,其余点地下水污染物来源相似,其中的DOM以微生物来源为主;与垃圾浸提液中污染物分布特征相反,地下水中NH+4-N含量低而Cl-、SO2-4、DOM、NO-3-N、NO-2-N含量高,Cu、Ba、Cd、Fe、Mn及Ni的分布与DOM有关,主要结合在荧光有机物上.研究结果显示,基于地下水中污染物组成差异,采用聚类分析方法可识别出地下水受渗滤液污染点. 相似文献
30.
针对工业废盐成分复杂、精制难度高的现状,本文提出了一种工业废盐的资源化工程方案,技术经济分析表明,该工程化方案在技术上、经济上能够实现满足投资、运营要求,具备较好的推广前景。 相似文献