碳纤维环氧复合材料的加速腐蚀老化试验方法

碳纤维环氧复合材料是目前飞机制造中主要使用的结构材料,其在使用过程中可能会遇到各种环境,如雨雪、阳光、盐雾等,这些都能引起碳纤维环氧复合材料的腐蚀老化。主要介绍了海洋环境下碳纤维环氧复合材料的3种加速腐蚀老化的试验方法,即湿热老化试验、盐雾试验、人工气候老化试验。     

石油、天然气地下盐穴存储的安全性浅析

介绍了石油、天然气地下盐穴存储的特点,分析了石油、天然气地下盐穴存储的典型事故：井喷和泄漏事故,并提出应对措施。     

海盐粒子含量测定方法对比研究

为了探讨海盐粒子含量采用不同测定方法的变化趋势和规律,采用纱布法和湿烛法这2种采集分析方法,测定了海南三亚、万宁、厦门和青岛4类大气环境中海盐粒子含量。通过对测定数据的讨论与研究,分析了在不同海域、不同环境气候条件下海盐粒子含量变化趋势和变化规律,探讨了2种采集分析方法之间的相关关系。     

膜蒸馏淡化西部苦咸水应用技术研究

膜蒸馏是将膜与蒸馏过程相结合的分离方法,是一种节能高效的分离技术。本文从其过程机理出发,展望了该技术在苦咸水淡化技术中应用的前景。     

无机盐对表面活性剂淋洗疏水性有机污染物的影响机理

表面活性剂淋洗法是去除土壤中疏水性有机污染物的一种有效方法。在简要介绍表面活性剂淋洗法去除作用机理的基础上,从增流和增溶两方面,讨论了无机盐对表面活性剂淋洗法去除疏水性有机污染物的影响机理。     

使用融雪剂除雪给环境带来的危害分析

针对北方城市冬季普遍使用融雪剂来融化道路上的积雪、有效改善雪后道路交通状况,但同时也带来了一系列的环境污染问题的现状,依据相关资料,并结合丹东市具体情况,对使用融雪剂除雪给环境带来的危害进行分析,并提出对策建议。     

Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in a South China coastal city

Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.     

One year in the life of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo punctatus</Emphasis>: annual patterns of body temperature in a free-ranging desert anuran

The Mojave Desert is characterized by hot dry summers and cold winters. The red-spotted toad (Bufo (Anaxyrus) punctatus) is the predominant anuran species; yet little is known of their thermal histories and strategies to avoid temperature extremes. We measured body temperature (T(b)) in free-ranging adult toads across all four seasons of a year using implanted data loggers. There is marked individual variation in the temperatures experienced by these toads. As expected, toads generally escape extreme seasonal and diel temperature fluctuations. However, our data demonstrate a much wider estimated T(b) range than was previously assumed. Though often for short periods, red-spotted toads do experience T(b) as low as 3.1 degrees C and as high as 39.1 degrees C. All animals showed periods of prolonged thermal stability in cooler months and wider diel oscillations in warmer months. Red-spotted toad thermal history is likely a function of site choice; the exploitation of different refuges results in diverse thermal experiences. These data represent the most complete record of thermal experiences for a desert anuran and reveal greater extremes in body temperature than previously suggested.     

夏季玉龙雪山地区不同水体常规阴离子特征及其来源分析

依据Dionex-3000型离子色谱仪和Dionex-600型离子色谱仪测定的云南省丽江市玉龙雪山地区2005年7月22日～7月28日不同水体的阴离子数据及同期降水中的无机离子数据,运用系统聚类、海盐示踪、后推气流模型分析等方法,分析了人类活动、岩石岩性、大气干湿沉降对我国云南省丽江市玉龙雪山地区不同水体阴离子构成和浓...     

氯盐融雪剂对城市道路绿化带土壤性状的影响

2009年底至2010年初,北京市降雪非常集中且强度较大,为保障交通畅通,大量的氯盐融雪剂在北京城区的绿地上应用,其用量达3万t.路面撒施的融雪剂不可避免地进入分车带、绿化带等绿地,对绿地植物正常生长造成威胁.文章通过实地采集了45个绿地土样,研究了道路绿地土壤盐分等相关指标,结果表明,与对照相比,撒施融雪剂对道路绿化...