无苯酚培养基分离到的降酚菌多样性的分子分析

用3种不含苯酚的培养基(YPG、10%YPG和LB)从上海焦化厂废水处理系统(A2/O法)好氧池的悬浮污泥分离到24株降酚菌株.通过16SrDNAPCR扩增产物的限制性酶切分析(amplifiedribosomalDNArestrictionanalysis,ARDRA)、ERICPCR指纹图谱分析、多组分苯酚羟化酶大亚基(thelargestsubunitofthemulticomponentphenolhydroxylase,LmPH)基因的PCR扩增及16SrRNA基因测序的方法对这些降酚菌株进行表征.通过ARDRA分型,将这24株降酚菌株分为8个类型;利用ERICPCR可以将这24个菌株分为17种类型,说明同一ARDRA类型内菌株具有多样性.对17个ERIC类型代表菌株的16SrDNA扩增产物进行克隆并测序,测序结果在GenBank和RDP中进行比对.结果表明,与这17个代表菌株同源性最高的菌中,有6株是未见报道具有降酚功能的菌株.在这24株降酚菌中,有19株在苯酚含量为200mg/L的MP培养基中培养5d,苯酚降解率为20%左右,其余5株苯酚降解率达到100%,且均属于Rhodococcus属.本研究在降酚菌生物多样性上作了有益的探索.图2表1参20     

优势工程菌在H/O工艺中处理制药废水的研究

采用水解 (H)—好氧 (O)生化工艺研究了优势复合工程菌对抗生素工业废水有机质的降解能力并进行了处理条件试验研究。探讨了预处理、生化温度、pH值、水力停留时间、进水有机物浓度等因素对生化处理工艺的影响。试验结果表明 ,在选定的条件下 ,水解单元COD的降解率达 71 9%。好氧单元COD的降解率达 62 9% ,总去除率达 98 5%。达到国家规定的制药行业排放标准 ,出水的COD平均浓度低于 30 0mg/L。     

异养菌与新型填料成膜性及BTF处理屠宰H2S废气

以新型填料上生物膜的微生物种群结构为研究对象,将异养脱硫细菌蜡状芽孢杆菌ZJNB-B3接种到含活性污泥和LEVAPOR新型填料的小试曝气液体反应器,研究此菌在活性污泥及在填料生物膜中的微生物多样性.在属分类水平上的物种分析结果表明,芽孢杆菌属在接种后的填料中相对丰度较高,而在活性污泥样品中相对丰度较低,其在培养了第10d的填料样品中已经达到最大相对丰度.因此该菌与新型填料的亲和性和成膜性较好.将该菌与新型填料应用于生物滴滤塔（BTF）处理屠宰污水站排放的H₂S恶臭废气,风量处理能力为2000m³/h.结果表明,经该菌强化的BTF完成启动的时间比使用普通活性污泥接种的BTF缩短7d.强化的BTF在30d的稳定期试验中,当H₂S进气浓度为4.92~9.54mg/m³时,对H₂S去除率为98%~99%.当进气H₂S在1.0~10mg/m³范围波动时,空床停留时间（EBRT）为10,21,30s时,去除率分别为94%、98%、99%以上,且受进气H₂S浓度波动的影响不大.当进口负荷为0.60~1.14g/（m³·h）时,H₂S去除率稳定在98%以上,H₂S气体排放量低于恶臭污染物排放国家标准.     

Isolation,identification and desulfurization mechanism of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium with salt tolerance北大核心CSCD

Micro-organism with efficient desulfurization performance is a key factor in the biological desulfurization technology. This study aimed to seek such a sulfur-oxidizing strain and understand its desulfurization mechanism. Wastewater in a sewage station of natural gas purification plant was used to screen the sulfide-oxidizing strain, and to identify it based on sequence similarity analysis of 16S rDNA and the morphological characteristics. Thiosulfate was used as substrate for investigating the sulfur oxidation performance and salinity tolerance; the OD600, content change of thiosulfate, sulfate, sulfur, pH and total alkalinity in the cultural system were also investigated. The strain DS-B was found to share the highest sequence similarity with Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans ARh2, therefore determined as Thioalkalivibrio. At the optimum temperature of 35 °C for growth and degradation, the removal efficiency of thiosulfate could reach 98.7% after 7 days. Strain DS-B had strong resistance to thiosulfate, and the optimal concentration of S2O32- was 2 × 104 mg/L. The analysis for sulfur oxides showed that it could oxidize thiosulfate by the pathway of S2O32-→SO42- / S2O32- → S → SO42-. Therefore the strain DS-B is a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium with great application prospect for its strong salt tolerance and conspicuous removal capability for thiosulfate.     

Characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. from a membrane bioreactor for saline wastewater treatment

High salt concentrations can cause plasmolysis and loss of activity of cells, but the salt-torlerant bacterium can endure the high salt concentrations in wastewater. In this research 7 salt-torlerant bacteria, which could survive in dry powder products and could degrade organic contaminants in saline wastewater, were isolated from a membrane bioreactor. The strain NY6 which showed the fastest growth rate, best property for organic matter degradation and could survive in dry powder more than 3 months was selected and characterized. It was classified as Bacillus aerius based on the analysis of the morphological and physiological properties as well as the 16 S rRNA sequence and Neigh borjoining tree. The strain NY6 could survive in the salinity up to 6% and the optimal growth salinity is2%; it belongs to a slightly halophilic bacterium. The capability of its dry powder products for COD removal was 800 mg COD/(g·day) in synthesized saline wastewater with salinity of 2%. According to salt-tolerant mechanism research, when the salinity was below 2%, the stain NY6 absorbed K+and Na+to maintain osmotic equilibrium, and when the salinity was above 2%, the NY6 kept its life by producing a large amount of spores.     

固定化高效降解菌处理PTA废水的研究

研究了聚乙烯醇(PVA)加少量海藻酸钠及SiO2、CaCO3的方法固定高效菌处理PTA污水.结果表明,采用质量分数分别为PVA 10%、海藻酸钠0.3%、特种菌种10%、SiO2 3%、CaCO30.3%,用饱和硼酸溶液(pH为4.0)作为交联剂,制得的颗粒处理PTA废水时,废水COD负荷为2.91kg/m3·d时,CODcr、TOC、TA去除率均为85%以上;废水COD负荷为12.2kg/m3j·时,CODcr去除率仍为50%以上、TOC去除率为60%以上,当pTA废水pH从55降至35时,CODcr、TOC、TA去除率仍在86%以上.     

沉降法测定大气细菌粒子含量公式的检验

在沈阳市对文献［６］提出的由大气细菌粒子的沉降量计算大气细菌粒子含量的公式进行了检验．结果表明，在同泽小学由公式计算的大气细菌粒子的含量为３３２４个／ｍ３，Ａ·Ｓ采样器测定的大气细菌粒子的含量为３７９２个／ｍ３，二者之间的比值为０．９，ｔ＝０．７８５，Ｐ＞０．０５，两种方法得出的大气细菌粒子的含量没有明显差异，比传统的奥梅梁斯基公式有比较好的准确性和实用性．     

兰州市空气微生物分析

对兰州市30个点的空气微生物进行了监测研究报道。结果表明：兰州市空气微生物属于中度污染，主要优势菌种有蜡样芽胞杆菌，枯草芽胞杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌和8叠球菌。白曲霉，青霉属，黄曲霉，木霉，交链孢霉，空气微生物含量与地面人类活动关系密切，与人流量（人口密度）和车流量显著相关；绿地对空气微生物年代有显著的杀灭作用。尤其是乔灌草相结合的复合型绿地杀菌作用很理想。     

Analysis of bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different sludge properties and treatment performance by nested PCR-DGGE method

The bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different processes and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of nested polymerase chain reaction （nested PCR） amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for bacterial community analysis. Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and actinomycetic community analysis were also carried out to investigate the relationship between specific population structures and system or sludge performance. The two plants demonstrated a similarity in bacterial community structures of raw sewage and activated sludge, but they had different effluent populations. Many dominant bacterial populations of raw sewage did not appear in the activated sludge samples, suggesting that the dominant bacterial populations in raw sewage might not play an important role during wastewater treatment. Although the two plants had different sludge properties in terms of settleability and foam forming ability, they demonstrated similar actinomycetic community structures. For activated sludge with bad settling performance, the treated water presented a similar DGGE pattern with that of activated sludge, indicating the nonselective washout of bacteria from the system. The plant with better ammonium removal efficiency showed higher ammonia-oxidizing bacteria species richness. Analysis of sequencing results showed that the major populations in raw sewage were uncultured bacterium, while in activated sludge the predominant populations were beta proteobacteria.     

油田硫酸盐还原菌快速定量检测方法

现有油田废水中硫酸盐还原菌检测周期长、检测费用较高,本研究应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术与倍比稀释法(MPN)相结合的DSR-MPN-PCR法,对硫酸盐还原菌进行快速定量检测.从废水中制备了直接用于PCR扩增的菌液,保证了定量准确性;建立以硫酸盐还原菌亚硫酸盐还原酶基因(Dsr)为靶位点的通用探针DSR1F和DSR5R的反应体系和扩增条件.结果表明,该方法检测灵敏度明显比液体稀释培养法高2个数量级,真实地表征了废水中实际的SRB菌数量,整个操作过程需要3～4　h,检测结果非常稳定,降低了检测费用,可以在生产中应用.