共青生态小区雨水资源化系统规划设计

文章介绍了共青数字生态城中生态小区雨水资源化利用的设计规划过程。以B小区为例,对该小区的雨水截污措施、屋面雨水收集、道路雨水收集、绿地收集及雨水处理、雨水综合利用等方面的规划设计进行了分析说明。将雨水作为一种资源再生后加以利用,是社会、经济持续发展的必然选择,具有较好的环境效益和社会效益。     

两种粉尘收集系统在环境治理中的应用和对比

针对粉尘治理工程设计中经常混淆的设计理念,介绍了两种粉尘收集系统在环境治理中的各自应用特点,通过对两个工程实例的系统分析和经验总结,得出以下结论:脉冲袋式除尘系统和真空负压吸尘系统是两种不同的粉尘收集系统,脉冲袋式除尘系统是以控制粉尘逸散为原则,在尘源点密闭的基础上形成一定的负压,须合理确定系统的设计风量和吸尘罩的设置;真空负压吸尘系统则是以尽可能多收集粉尘减少人工清扫强度为原则,须优化设计吸尘管网,保证最远处吸尘点能有效吸力。     

浅谈环保行政执法证据的收集、制作

在环境案件调查处理过程中,证据具有重要作用.收集、制作有效的执法证据是环保部门作出具体行政行为的基础.只有掌握充分确凿的证据,才能保证正确认定案件事实,也才能正确适用法律,避免出现行政复议变更或行政诉讼败论情况的发生.在此,根据环境案件的执法的特征和特点阐述了收集、制作证据的方法和要求.     

袋式除尘器在电炉烟尘治理上的应用

结合工程实例，介绍了“低阻、中温、大流量”除尘系统工艺在电炉上的应用，以及除尘系统各组成部分的性能特点和所采用的关键技术，阐述了关键技术的理论依据、设计原则和设计参数。     

中国农村生活垃圾管理模式探讨——三级分化 有效治理农村生活垃圾

针对农村生活垃圾及其处理的特点，为降低难度更有效地处理好农村生活垃圾，提出了对农村生活垃圾进行三次分化。用不同措施分别处理不同特点的农村生活垃圾，从而使其处理难度和费用最小化。首先分类收集作为基础，按不同类别对农村生活垃圾进行收集；其次，分离出产生源集中、规模较大和成分较单一的乡镇街道、畜禽养殖场和乡村企业等三类农村垃圾进行专门管理；最后依据有机垃圾的不同特点，分成农业主导型、非农业主导型和城郊型三类区域进行专门的垃圾处理。     

Estimation of Efficiency of Processing Soil Samples for Pesticide Residues Analysis

The efficiency of four sample processing methods was tested with eight different types of soils representing the major proportion of cultivated soils. The principle of sampling constant was applied for characterizing the efficiency of the procedures and testing the well-mixed status of the prepared soil. The test material was 14C-labeled atrazine that enabled keeping the random error of analyses ≤ about 1%. Adding water to the soil proved to be the most efficient and generally applicable procedure resulting in about 6% relative sample processing uncertainty for 20 g test portions. The expected error is inversely proportional to the mass of test portion. Smashing and manual mixing of soil resulted in about four times higher uncertainty than mixing with water. Grinding of soil is applicable for dry soils only, but the test procedure applied was not suitable for estimating a typical uncertainty of processing dry soil samples. Adding dry ice did not improve the efficiency of sample processing.     

Much Ado: How Big Is the Problem of Hydrolysis of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MtBE) to Form Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (tBA)?

Groundwater contaminated by the gasoline additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MtBE) is also frequently impacted by tertiary butyl alcohol (tBA). The USEPA recently sponsored a study that discusses the possibility of hydrolysis of MtBE to form tBA during analytical procedures. This finding is important because it suggests that existing tBA data may not accurately depict tBA or MtBE concentrations in groundwater. This article discusses the mechanism and kinetics of MtBE hydrolysis, then presents three case studies of analytical results from sites in California, USA. Although these case studies are limited in scope, the data do not support the occurrence of the hydrolysis of MtBE to form tBA due to acid preservation of groundwater samples. At a minimum, this suggests that MtBE hydrolysis may not be as pervasive a problem as suggested in USEPA's study; therefore, concerns about the validity of historical tBA data may not be warranted. The reason for this result may be simple: there are two necessary factors that promote hydrolysis: low pH and high temperature (above 40°C). Although the static headspace analysis method used to obtain the data in the White et al. study may require heating to achieve adequate sensitivity, many laboratories perform purge-and-trap analyses without heating. Under those conditions, hydrolysis may not occur. However, it may be prudent to preserve samples with alkaline preservatives, to eschew high temperatures during the analysis of groundwater samples, or to neutralize the sample pH before heating.     

旋风除尘器流场及浓度场实验与模拟

在研究旋风除尘器内气固两相的运动状况及分离机理方面,计算机模拟替代部分实验的方法能够优化设计旋风除尘器结构参数,提高其对微细颗粒的捕集效率,减少运行压力损失。本研究采用RSM模型和随机轨道模型对旋风除尘器内流场及浓度场进行模拟及实验。研究表明,旋风除尘器压力损失模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,对于大于5μm的颗粒其捕集效率模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合;旋风除尘器外壁的颗粒浓度呈螺旋带状分布;如将排气管管径减少至原直径0.8倍,可使其对2μm颗粒捕集效率提高6.6%,但压力损失提高36.5%;颗粒的凝并作用有利于提高旋风除尘器微细颗粒的捕集效率。     

氧化·热化学脱硫研究

热化学脱硫法因铵盐回收率低、产物不稳定,无法解决实用化问题。氧化热化学法应用超强脉冲电场产生高浓度、高能量的活性粒子,使SO₂在氧化过程中生成H₂SO₄,与NH3进行热化学反应,生成稳定的固体微粒（NH₄）₂SO₄,用电收尘器加以回收。脱除率、回收率可达90％左右,脱除1m³烟气中SO₂耗能为4Wh,实现了干法高效脱硫。一次投资大幅度减少,回收铵盐基本上抵消了药品费和电费。     

基于离线采集模式的高低温低气压试验箱校准技术的研究

针对高低温低气压箱校准技术展开研究,分析了传统校准方案的不足之处,提出了一种基于离线采集模式的高低温低气压试验箱温度、压力校准方案,并结合虚拟仪器、数据库与MATLAB,完成了该方案的设计与实现。最后通过实验验证了该方案的可靠性与可行性,并应用到环境与可靠性工作中。