直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析水中微囊藻毒素

建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析环境水样中微囊藻毒素-LR的分析方法。方法使用C18反相柱为分离柱,柱温40℃,流速0.7 mL/min,乙腈和甲酸水溶液(0.1%)作流动相,采用梯度洗脱,保留时间4.13 min。串联质谱采用多反应监测模式,使用ESI(+)源电离水样。在上述条件下,水样过粒径为0.45μm的滤头后可直接进样,进样体积25μL时检出限可达0.04μg/L,在0.10~200μg/L范围内线性良好(R=0.999 8);样品加标回收率为96.6%~106%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~5.6%。同时方法应用到实际环境水样分析中也具有令人满意的结果。该方法灵敏度高,快速简单,适用于环境水样中MC-LR的分析。     

液相色谱法测定土壤中对羟基苯甲醛

采用加速溶剂萃取法萃取土壤中的对羟基苯甲醛,用HPLC进行定量分析,判断液相色谱法测定土壤中对羟基苯甲醛的方法可行性。研究表明,该方法具有分离效果较好,前处理简单、快速准确、灵敏度高、重复性好等特点,适用于土壤中对羟基苯甲醛的测定。     

城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式构想

通过对惠州市电子废弃物收集体系组成、去向以及电子废弃物处置方式的调查,分析惠州市电子废弃物收集和处置存在的一系列问题,结合实际提出了城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式的初步构想。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中马拉硫磷残留

采用C-18小柱萃取、毛细管柱分离、气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）测定水样中的马拉硫磷,检测限为0．12μg／L。试验了样品流量和洗脱剂对回收率的影响,结果表明样品流量为6mL／min、二氯甲烷作洗脱剂时,回收率较好。测定蒸馏水、地下水和河水样品,相对标准偏差〈2．2％。加标回收率在79．0％-109％之间。     

Public participation in municipal solid waste source-separated collection in Guilin,China: status and influencing factors

Currently, China is facing critical problems regarding the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). The failure of existing pilot programs in implementing MSW source-separated collection highlights the need to analyze the factors significantly influencing public participation in this activity. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of MSW source-separated collection in Guilin, which is representative of wider areas located in inland China and with a GDP around the national average, was conducted. The research consisted of in-person interviews involving a questionnaire and theoretical analyses in terms of public perception, public awareness, public attitude, and willingness to pay. The analytical results identify the status of waste source-separated collection and influencing factors in implementation, and provides exercisable suggestions for decision makers in both China and more generally in industrializing countries to design promotion programs and education campaigns.     

巢湖蓝藻的机械清除工艺以及藻水分离实验研究

对巢湖蓝藻进行机械清除以及藻水分离实验研究,实验采用的浮式围栏引导一机械清除．投加剥离液辅助机械清除工艺处理量大,除藻效率高,筛网过滤-浓缩-卧螺离心机脱水成藻泥的藻水分离工艺较为理想,藻泥含水率仅为89％。2011年5-10月在巢湖运用上述方法清除湖面水华蓝藻,共处理富藻水1．6万m3,得到藻泥970t,累计清除蓝藻106．7t（干重）。按照所清除蓝藻的总氮、总磷的平均含量计算,相当于从湖中移除了氮6．25t,磷2．1t。表明在富营养湖泊中水华蓝藻大量暴发时,采用上述方法除藻,对控制蓝藻水华污染,有效降低内源氮、磷等污染物负荷具有十分重要的作用。     

再生资源产业发展的战略思考与对策建议

再生资源产业对于破解我国资源环境约束、推动新型城镇化建设和促进产业结构调整具有重要的支撑作用.但是我国再生资源产业处于发展初期,面临管理体系不善、技宋鬟备落后、产业规 缺位和产业政策不清等突出问题.对此,提出六点具体建议,包括：加强立法和产业发展的顶层设计,构建再生资源高效回收体系,推动技术装备升级和推广,完善配套财税政策,强化产业规划统筹和部门政策衔接,加强与新型城镇化建设的融合等.     

巢湖蓝藻的机械清除工艺以及藻水分离实验研究简

对巢湖蓝藻进行机械清除以及藻水分离实验研究,实验采用的浮式围栏引导-机械清除-投加剥离液辅助机械清除工艺处理量大,除藻效率高,筛网过滤-浓缩-卧螺离心机脱水成藻泥的藻水分离工艺较为理想,藻泥含水率仅为89%。2011年5—10月在巢湖运用上述方法清除湖面水华蓝藻,共处理富藻水1.6万m³,得到藻泥970 t,累计清除蓝藻106.7 t（干重）。按照所清除蓝藻的总氮、总磷的平均含量计算,相当于从湖中移除了氮6.25 t,磷2.1 t。表明在富营养湖泊中水华蓝藻大量暴发时,采用上述方法除藻,对控制蓝藻水华污染,有效降低内源氮、磷等污染物负荷具有十分重要的作用。     

电除尘器电源交流分量对PM_(2.5)等细微颗粒物除尘效率的影响

除尘器对颗粒物的除尘效率与颗粒物的荷电量密切相关,PM2.5等细小颗粒物由于其荷电量不足而导致其吸收效率较低,对环境造成危害。为了增加粒子的荷电量,以粒子荷电原理为理论依据,从离子电流密度和通过电凝并扩大尘粒中位径2个方面研究了电除尘电源中交流电压分量对PM2.5等细小颗粒物荷电特性的影响,得出了电除尘器电源中交流电压分量可从以上2个方面提高装置对PM2.5等微小颗粒物的荷电量,且频率越高,幅值越大,荷电效果越好,从而可以提高装置对细小颗粒物的除尘效率。     

Characterization of distribution of pesticide residues in crop units

The characteristic features of distribution of pesticide residues in crop units and single sample increments were studied based on more than 19,000 residue concentrations measured in root vegetables, leafy vegetables, small-, medium- and large-size fruits representing 20 different crops and 46 pesticides. Log-normal, gamma and Weibull distributions were found to provide the best fit for the relative frequency distributions of individual residue data sets. The overall best fit was provided by lognormal distribution. The relative standard deviation of residues (CV) in various crops ranged from 15–170%. The 100–120 residue values being in one data set was too small to identify potential effects of various factors such as the chemical and physical properties of pesticides and the nature of crops. Therefore, the average of CV values, obtained from individual data sets, were calculated and considered to be the best estimate for the likely variability of unit crop residues for treated field (CV = 0.8) and market samples (CV = 1.1), respectively. The larger variation of residues in market samples was attributed to the potential mixing of lots and varying proportion of non-detects. The expectable average variability of residues in composited samples can be calculated from the typical values taking into account the sample size.