In-Situ Phytoremediation of Pahs Contaminated Soils Following a Bioremediation Treatment

Phytoremediation of pollutants in soils is an emerging technology, using different soil-plant interaction properties. For organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phytodegradation seems to be the most promising approach. It occurs mostly through an increase of the microbial activity in the plant rhizosphere, allowing the degradation of organic substances, a source of carbon for soil microbes. Despite a large amount of available data in the literature concerning laboratory and short term PAH phytodegradation experiments, no actual field application of such technique was previously carried out. In the present study, a soil from a former coking plant was used to evaluate the feasibility and the efficiency of PAH phytodegradation in the field during a three years trial and following a bioremediation treatment. Before the phytoremediation treatment, the soil was homogenized and split into six independent plots with no hydrological connections. On four of these plots, different types of common plant species were sowed: mixture of herbaceous species, short cut (P1), long cut (P2), ornamental plants (P3) and trees (P4). Natural vegetation was allowed to grow on the fifth plot (P5), and the last plot was weeded (P6). Each year, representative sampling of two soil horizons (0–50 and 50–100 cm) was carried out in each plot to characterize the evolution of PAHs concentration in soils and in soils solution obtained by lixiviation. Possible impact of the phytoremediation technique on ecosystems was evaluated using different eco- and genotoxicity tests both on the soil solid matrix and on the soil solution. For each soil horizon, comparable decrease of soil total PAHs concentrations were obtained for three plots, reaching a maximum value of 26% of the initial PAHs concentration. The decrease mostly concerned the 3 rings PAHs. The overall low decrease in PAHs content was linked to a drastic decrease in PAHs availability likely due to the bioremediation treatment. However, soil solutions concentration showed low values and no signficant toxicity was characterized. The mixture of the herbaceous species seemed to be the most promising plants to be used in such procedure.     

The necessary amount of sampling for census and assessing the taxonomic diversity of large soil invertebrates in different geographic zones

An analysis of the spatial distribution of large soil invertebrates at the “study point” level in three forest soils of the European part of the Russian Federation has demonstrated that the number of 76-cm² soil cores necessary for obtaining representative data varies from 25 to 35. To estimate taxonomic diversity in peaty, soddy podzolic, and brown forest soils, 100–110, 70–80, and 90–100 soil cores, respectively, are required. Differences in the necessary number of cores of different forest soils are accounted for by differences in the distribution pattern of soil animals.     

Seasonal Variations in the Metal Concentration of Taraxacum Officinale, Plantago Major and Plantago Lanceolata

The seasonal changes in the concentrations of aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the leaves of Taraxacum officianale, Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major are investigated. the most convenient periods for sampling are established when the elemental concentrations have minimal variation and are independent on the development of the plant itself. On this basis, the presumption is made that the most appropriate sampling period for herbaceous species for biomonitoring processes is the end of blossoming of the plant or immediately after that.     

一种快速便捷的大气颗粒物元素浓度采样方法探究

地气测量是采用液态捕集剂,高效富集地气中纳米微粒,以高灵敏度的ICP-MS分析元素特征的监测方法。针对传统大气颗粒物监测方法,面临大范围高分辨率空气质量监控仍显乏力,固态滤膜本底浓度较高且不均一的技术难题,在研究大气颗粒物物化特征的基础上,结合地气测量法,提出一种新的大气颗粒物元素浓度采样方法。根据成都地区条件实验,新方法能有效富集大气颗粒物,并能较准确反应环境变化特征。     

二氧化硫监测方法进展

介绍了环境中SO2监测的主要方法,比较了常用的溶液吸收法和被动采样法等。溶液吸收法用来测量1 h或者更短时间内环境中SO2的浓度水平,被动采样法更多地用来监测1周到1个月内环境中SO2的沉积率,在线监测技术的发展为烟气的测量和烟道的防腐蚀提供了更多的技术支撑。最后提出了今后SO2监测方法的发展趋势。