油泥（砂）处理技术研究

对油泥(砂)进行处理实验,确定采用破乳脱稳—离心分离—固化处理工艺。分离出的原油可以回用;处理后的水质达到了SY/T5329-94《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》回注要求;固化物浸出液的分析结果符合国家GB5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》、GB5085.1-2007《危险废物鉴别标准腐蚀性鉴别》和GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。实验结果表明:该工艺在处理油田油泥(砂)方面具有可行性和实用性。     

Mann-Kendall检验及其在河流悬沙浓度时间序列分析中的运用

探讨了Mann-Kendall非参数秩次相关检验在时间序列分析方面的应用,并以云南省文山州盘龙河为例,把它运用到河流悬沙浓度时间序列的趋势分析和突变分析研究中。结果表明：①M-K检验同样适用于河流悬沙浓度的趋势与突变分析;②盘龙河自20世纪60年代初至90年代末河流悬沙浓度一直表现为波动上升趋势,1999年后有下降的迹象;③盘龙河的河流悬沙浓度自20世纪60年代以来存在着两个明显的突变点,其一在1973年,其二在1999年。     

垃圾渗滤液预处理实验研究

在总结以往研究成果的基础上,选用絮凝沉淀和沙滤方法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,实验得出了各自最佳的处理条件,并提出了一个成本低效果好的处理方案。     

饮用水砂滤池中微生物对微量污染物的降解潜力与途径

砂滤池已广泛应用于饮用水处理中,已有研究证明砂滤池能有效降解部分微量污染物,但对其降解途径和降解微生物缺乏深入探讨.据此,本研究首先采集2个实际饮用水厂滤池中的石英砂和锰砂滤料,通过宏基因组分析了滤料对阿替洛尔、阿特拉津、磺胺嘧啶和卡马西平的降解基因和相关降解微生物.结果表明,锰砂滤池生丝微菌科和石英砂滤池中的假单胞菌属具有将阿特拉津转化为羟基阿特拉津的潜力;砂滤池含多种分泌阿替洛尔酰胺水解酶的微生物,具有将阿替洛尔转换为阿替洛尔酸的能力;在滤池中广泛存在单、双加氧酶和细胞色素P450,能将阿特拉津、磺胺嘧啶和卡马西平氧化.进一步通过培养实验验证了滤料对这4种微量污染物的降解途径.本研究最后对其它9个实际水厂砂滤池滤料的宏基因组分析发现所有砂滤池都含有丰富的酰胺水解酶、加氧酶和细胞色素P450,说明饮用水砂滤池都具有降解多种微量污染物的潜力.     

Laboratory-scale column study for remediation of TCE-contaminated aquifers using three-section controlled-release potassium permanganate barriers

A laboratory-scale study with a sand column was designed to simulate trichloroethylene(TCE) pollution in the aquifer environment with three-section controlled-release potassium permanganate(CRP) barriers.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of CRP barriers in remediation of TCE in aquifers in a long-term and controlled manner.CRP particles with a 1:3 molar ratio of KMnO 4 to stearic acid showed the best controlled-release properties in pure water,and the theoretical release time was 138.5 days.The results of TCE removal in the test column indicated that complete removal efficiency of TCE in a sand column by three-section CRP barriers could be reached within 15 days.The molar ratio of KMnO 4 to TCE in the three-section CRP barriers was 16:1,which was much lower than 82:1 as required when KMnO 4 solution is used directly to achieve complete destruction of TCE.This result revealed that the efficiency of CRP for remediation of TCE was highly improved after encapsulation.     

含砂海水对40Cr钢加速冲刷腐蚀性能影响

目的研究40Cr钢在实际海水中的冲刷腐蚀性能。方法采用自制旋转冲刷实验装置,模拟实际海洋环境对40Cr钢进行实验。试验介质为含有质量分数为0.15%、0.3%、1%石英砂(300目左右)的青岛海域天然海水,冲刷流速分别为1、3、5 m/s。用交流阻抗谱和极化曲线测试检测其冲刷腐蚀性能,采用失重法测量冲刷腐蚀速率,并用扫描电镜观察其表面形貌,用XRD、EDS技术检测腐蚀产物成分。结果当流速一定,石英砂的质量分数为0.3%时,腐蚀速率最小,交流阻抗谱和极化曲线结合分析显示,此时最耐腐蚀,腐蚀产物成分为FeO(OH)。当含砂量一定时,随着流速的增加,试样腐蚀速率快速增加,耐蚀性逐渐下降,腐蚀产物主要成分为Fe O(OH)。结论流速对40Cr的冲刷腐蚀速率影响较大,而含砂量对冲刷腐蚀速率的影响较小。     

Utilization of waste foundry sand (WFS) in concrete manufacturing

Due to ever increasing quantities of waste materials and industrial by-products, solid waste management is the prime concern in the world. Scarcity of land-filling space and because of its ever increasing cost, recycling and utilization of industrial by-products and waste materials has become an attractive proposition to disposal. There are several types of industrial by-products and waste materials. The utilization of such materials in concrete not only makes it economical, but also helps in reducing disposal concerns. One such industrial by-product is waste foundry sand (SFS). Waste foundry sand is a by-product of ferrous and nonferrous metal casting industries. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as waste foundry sand.Published literature has shown that WFS could be used in manufacturing Controlled Low-Strength Materials (CLSM) and concrete. This paper presents an overview of some of the research published on the use of WFS in concrete. Effect of WFS on concrete properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, freezing-thawing resistance, and shrinkage are presented.     

沙尘暴变化的时空特征——基于站日和站时数据的对比分析

利用中国强沙尘暴序列及其支撑数据集,分别以站日和站时为计算单位,建立了中国50 a(1958-2007年)沙尘暴时间序列,分析了两个序列的关系,并比较了两者所反映出的沙尘暴时空变化特征。结果表明,站日和站时序列总体变化趋势比较一致,但细节有所差别,有时会影响某些结论。在反映沙尘暴的时间变化和空间分布时,两者存在明显的差异。     

城市用地抗震适宜性分区研究

针对我国现行《城市抗震防灾规划标准》有关城市用地抗震适宜性评价的规定,建立了城市用地抗震适宜性评价指标体系;采用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重值;根据抗震适宜性综合指数的概念,得到了研究区实测钻孔资料的抗震适宜性综合指数,在GIS技术的支持下,生成了城市用地抗震适宜性综合指数等值线图,并据此进行了城市用地抗震适宜性分区;可为城市的总体规划提供依据。     

一株菲高效降解菌的环境适应性研究

生物降解是多环芳烃从环境中去除的主要途径,菲是一种典型的三环芳烃。本研究考察了一株能高效降解多环芳烃菲的鞘氨醇单胞菌GY2B在含河沙环境及不同盐度的人工海水环境中的生长特性与降解菲的情况。结果表明：河沙的加入对菌株GY2B的生长及其高效降解菲的性能均无明显影响,65 h可将起始浓度为100 mg/L的菲降解99.5%以上;而经过驯化后在添加85%人工海水的条件下该菌也仍可正常生长并高效降解菲,66 h可将起始浓度为100 mg/L的菲几乎完全降解。本研究结果可为菌株GY2B在受多环芳烃污染的河滩、河口及近海海洋环境修复中的应用提供参考依据。