碳酸盐碳测定在沙尘暴来源地识别中的应用

根据中国大气颗粒物特点 ,在国内沙尘暴研究中首次尝试利用碳酸盐碳进行沙尘暴来源地识别。测定了一系列黄沙、大气颗粒物和沙尘暴源区土壤样品。初步了解了上述样品中碳酸盐碳含量情况 ,结合国外研究结果对影响北京的沙尘暴源区进行推测并与其他方法作了比较     

京津冀及周边区域PM2.5叠加沙尘重污染过程特征及预报效果分析

选取京津冀及周边区域2018年11月23日至12月4日一次大范围、长时间且PM_2.5叠加两次沙尘传输的复合型重度污染过程开展特征研究,分析了首要污染物PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度的发展演变,以及污染气象影响因素;结合激光雷达地基和车载走航监测结果,以及HYSPLIT后向轨迹结果,讨论了区域污染传输的情况;并对重污染期间NAQPMS、CMAQ和CAMx这3个空气质量模式的预报效果进行了回顾分析.结果表明,研究时段PM_2.5叠加两次沙尘传输导致区域中南部多数城市达到重至严重污染水平,张家口、北京、石家庄、邯郸和郑州PM₁₀小时峰值分别为1 589、864、794、738和766μg·m^-3,PM_2.5小时峰值浓度分别为239、319、387、321和380μg·m^-3.地面弱气压场、高湿、逆温等静稳条件和沙尘是重要的污染气象和天气因素.激光雷达地基和车载走航监测数据结合HYSPLIT后向轨迹分析表明重污染期间区域西南和东...     

Linking irreplaceable landforms in a self‐organizing landscape to sensitivity of population vital rates for an ecological specialist

Irreplaceable, self‐organizing landforms and the endemic and ecologically specialized biodiversity they support are threatened globally by anthropogenic disturbances. Although the outcome of disrupting landforms is somewhat understood, little information exists that documents population consequences of landform disturbance on endemic biodiversity. Conservation strategies for species dependent upon landforms have been difficult to devise because they require understanding complex feedbacks that create and maintain landforms and the consequences of landform configuration on demography of species. We characterized and quantified links between landform configuration and demography of an ecological specialist, the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus), which occurs only in blowouts (i.e., wind‐blown sandy depressions) of Shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) sand‐dune landforms. We used matrix models to estimate vital rates from a multisite mark‐recapture study of 6 populations occupying landforms with different spatial configurations. Sensitivity and elasticity analyses demonstrated demographic rates among populations varied in sensitivity to different landform configurations. Specifically, significant relationships between blowout shape complexity and vital rate elasticities suggested direct links between S. arenicolus demography and amount of edge in Shinnery oak sand‐dune landforms. These landforms are irreplaceable, based on permanent transition of disturbed areas to alternative grassland ecosystem states. Additionally, complex feedbacks between wind, sand, and Shinnery oak maintain this landform, indicating restoration through land management practices is unlikely. Our findings that S. arenicolus population dynamics depended on landform configuration suggest that failure to consider processes of landform organization and their effects on species’ population dynamics may lead to incorrect inferences about threats to endemic species and ineffective habitat management for threatened or endangered species. As such, successful conservation of these systems and the biodiversity they support must be informed by research linking process‐oriented studies of self‐organized landforms with studies of movement, behavior, and demography of species that dwell in them.     

陆良彩色沙林国家地质公园地质和美学评价

陆良彩色沙林从地质价值看具有特殊性，是流水侵蚀地貌的代表，也是复原古环境的特殊证据。危沙成林的特异地貌以及呈色原因的复杂化，为发展科普旅游提供了特殊的条件。通过专家学者的考证及全球对比分析，彩色沙林中国唯一、全球罕见的地质稀缺性初步得到证实。另一方面，彩色沙林多彩的沙美在自然、美在协调，有较高的旅游观赏价值。     

铸造泥芯废气的治理

通过对铸造泥芯废气排放特性的分析 ,采用自行设计的冷凝水洗处理系统 ,废气治理效果明显 ,达到了国家排放标准。该法可供参考借鉴     

长白山西坡-火山地质科考、旅游胜地

长白山火山是一座中国最大的第四纪层状复式火山,是1000年前世界上最大的火山喷发之一.至今保留着完好的火山地貌景观,是研究火山活动机制、岩浆演化及火山灾害等方面的重要基地,也是旅游胜地.     

Performance of various sub-grid scale models in large-eddy simulations of turbulent flow over complex terrain

Turbulent flow over a two-dimensional steep hill was analyzed by large-eddy simulations (LES). Here, six LES computations were carried out using four different sub-grid scale (SGS) models and two different ground surface conditions. The accuracy of these computations was assessed by comparing the results with those from an experiment by Ishihara et al. (An experimental study of turbulent boundary layer over a steep hill, Proceedings of the 15th National Symposium on Wind Engineering, 1998, pp. 61–66; J. Wind Eng. 89 (2001) 573). The results of the dynamic SGS models were in very poor agreement with those of the experiment. The poor prediction accuracy was mainly caused by the inaccurate estimation of the model coefficient near the ground surface. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the dynamic SGS models, a hybrid SGS model, i.e., a combination of the standard Smagorinsky model and the dynamic Smagorinsky model, was introduced. The hybrid model provided very accurate predictions and produced the best results of the four SGS models compared here.     

大型船舶分段喷砂厂房内砂尘处理新工艺

大型船舶分段件金属表面喷砂处理时可产生大量落地砂和扬尘,严重破坏了厂房内工况环境,直接影响厂房的正常使用,即时、快速、连续清除地面落地砂,并进行分类处理,净化厂房空间,降低厂房空间场尘浓度,是实现喷砂厂房高效、连续、洁净、文明生产的关键.大连新船重工集团根据船舶建造不断发展的需要,2002年投巨资新建了2间大型分段件喷砂厂房,在新建的喷砂厂房内采用了当今世界上最先进的砂尘处理新工艺之一,使喷砂产生的落地砂和扬尘得到即时、有效处理,新建喷砂厂房通过3年多的实际使用证明：喷砂厂房砂尘处理新工艺,设计科学、合理、技术先进,效果明显,新工艺为我国各超大型企业厂房内砂尘,烟尘及其他高浓度污染物的清除,环境治理,空气净化,提供了很好的成功经验.     

OPTIMIZATION OF DUAL-MEDIA FILTER PERFORMANCE1

ABSTRACT: Rapid-rate filter with sand or anthracite as filter media was studied at filtration rates of 4.5 and 9.0 m³/m²-h. Different parameters were evaluated by adopting a proposed simplified model. A suitable combination of anthracite-sand as filter media was given by using corresponding filter parameters of single-medium filters and break-even optimization technique.     

兰州市沙尘天气与痤疮门诊量的时间序列

研究沙尘天气、非沙尘天气下颗粒物（PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀）对痤疮门诊量的影响,并进行性别、年龄分层研究,筛选敏感人群.收集了2013~2017年兰州市沙尘期与非沙尘期3家三甲医院痤疮门诊量资料、大气颗粒物及气象数据,采用基于泊松分布的分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）,控制气象因素、季节性和长期趋势、星期几效应等混杂因素,分析沙尘期与非沙尘期颗粒物对痤疮门诊量的影响及滞后效应.结果表明：沙尘期时,兰州市3家三甲医院痤疮日均门诊量为26人次,范围3~54人次.非沙尘期时痤疮日均门诊量为37人次,范围1~89人次;单污染物模型显示,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀均在滞后第6d （lag6）时效应量达到最大值,其浓度每增加10μg/m³,痤疮门诊量的超额危险度（ER）及95%可信区间（95% CI）分别为1.065（95% CI：0.260~1.877）、0.355（95% CI：0.018~0.693）、0.310（95% CI：0.054~0.567）,PM_2.5对痤疮门诊量的影响最为显著;性别及年龄分层发现,性别分层中PM_2.5对女性的影响有统计学意义,其浓度每增加10μg/m³,痤疮门诊量增加1.077（95% CI：0.124~2.039）;年龄分层中,0~18岁组受PM_C、PM₁₀影响显著,19~24岁组受PM_2.5、PM₁₀影响显著,各颗粒物对25~34岁组及≥35岁组效应无统计学意义.在非沙尘期时,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀不引起痤疮门诊量增加.双/多污染物模型显示,分别调整其他污染物后,PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀对痤疮门诊量的影响与单污染物模型类似,仍具有统计学意义.兰州市沙尘天气下大气颗粒物（PM_2.5、PM_C、PM₁₀）可使痤疮门诊量增加,对女性及青少年影响显著.