微絮凝连续砂滤装置深度处理矿区污水的研究

采用微絮凝连续过滤技术深度处理矿区生活污水,探讨了滤料粒径、厚度、滤速、砂循环速率及药剂投加量等因素对SS去除效果的影响.结果表明:粒径0.8～1.0 mm,滤床厚度1.0～1.2 m,滤速6～8 m/h,砂循环速率在2～4 mm/min,PAC投加量20～25 mg/L时,出水SS小于5 mg/L,去除率达到94.5%以上.     

沈阳市春季一次沙尘天气过程分析

2008年5月27—28日中国北方发生了一次影响范围最大、持续时间长的沙尘暴天气过程,造成了严重的空气污染。受其影响沈阳市出现了一次以浮尘天气为主的轻度污染事件,给沈阳地区的生产和生活带来了影响。主要从天气形势上分析了此次沙尘天气形成的原因。结果表明,此次过程是由强冷空气和蒙古气旋引起的,蒙古气旋发展和地面冷锋移动经过蒙古国和华北北部等干燥、疏松的地表形成扬沙、沙尘暴,大量的细小沙尘粒子随高空偏西气流携带而至沈阳,形成浮尘天气。     

大伙房水库上游暴雨径流污染特征分析

为研究大伙房水库上游暴雨径流污染特征,2010年对大伙房水库上游3条主要入库河流暴雨径流情况下的水量、水质进行了连续监测,结果表明：污染物浓度值与暴雨径流量的峰值基本保持一致。     

基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的砂土地震液化研究

砂土地震液化的影响因素具有高度的非线性关系,而神经网络在处理非线性问题上具有其独特的优越性.本文在探讨输人层模式的选择以及砂土液化影响因素的基础上,采用改进的贝叶斯正则化方法和"提前停止"算法建立了砂土地震液化预测模型,通过实例计算和模型评价,表明本模型的计算结果与规范法、改进的Seed简化法以及基于传统BP网络算法的...     

CASS＋活性砂工艺处理大学城污水

针对水量变化大、占地面积有限的污水处理厂,设计采用了CASS与活性砂过滤池相结合的污水处理工艺。出水稳定达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。通过对各处理构筑物、设备布置的设计介绍,总结了该工程设计的经验和体会。     

磺胺嘧啶在覆铁石英砂中迁移特征及数值模拟

为了探讨磺胺类抗生素在土壤中的迁移特征,以磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）为研究对象,以石英砂（QS）为介质,采用高温加热法制备覆铁石英砂（IOCS）,通过土柱出流实验,研究不同铁含量和离子强度对SDZ在IOCS中迁移的影响,并利用Hydrus-1D软件对结果进行模拟.土柱出流实验结果表明,随着IOCS表面铁含量增加,其表面粗糙度越大,且表面携带的正电荷越多,SDZ越容易吸附在IOCS表面,其相对浓度峰值越低,不利于SDZ的迁移;离子强度的增加,促进了SDZ在QS和IOCS中的迁移,这主要是受静电作用、表面络合作用和竞争吸附作用的控制.模拟结果显示,非平衡单点吸附模型（OSM）可以较好地模拟不同铁含量和离子强度下SDZ的迁移过程,拟合曲线与实测曲线几乎重合,R²>0.97,RMSE<0.032,拟合效果较好;反演所得吸附分配系数k_F随着铁含量的增加而增加,随离子强度的增加而减小;阻滞因子R_d与其呈现相同的变化趋势;吸附特征参数β>1,而一阶动力学速率常数α均较小.     

A National Assessment of the Potential Linkage between Soil,and Surface and Groundwater Concentrations of Phosphorus

A meta‐analysis of three national databases determined the potential linkage between soil and surface and groundwater enrichment with phosphorus (P). Soil P was enriched especially under dairying commensurate with an increase in cow numbers and the tonnage of P‐fertilizers sold. Median P concentrations were enriched in surface waters receiving runoff from industrial and dairy land uses, and in groundwater beneath dairying especially in those aquifers with gravel or sand lithology, irrespective of groundwater redox status. After geographically pairing surface and groundwater sites to maximize the chance of connectivity, a subset of sites dominated by aquifers with gravel and sand lithology showed increasing P concentrations with as little as 10 years data. These data raise the possibility that groundwater could contribute much P to surface water if: there is good connectivity between surface and groundwater, intensive land use occurs on soils prone to leaching, and leached‐P is not attenuated through aquifers. While strategies are available to mitigate P loss from intensive farming systems in the short‐term, factors such as enriched soils and slow groundwater may mean that despite their use, there will be a long‐term input (viz. legacy), that may sustain surface water P enrichment. To avoid poor surface water quality, management and planning may need to consider the connectivity and characteristics of P in soil‐groundwater‐surface water systems.     

Empirical Estimation of Stream Discharge Using Channel Geometry in Low‐Gradient,Sand‐Bed Streams of the Southeastern Plains

Manning's equation is used widely to predict stream discharge (Q) from hydraulic variables when logistics constrain empirical measurements of in‐bank flow events. Uncertainty in Manning's roughness (n_M) is the major source of error in natural channels, and sand‐bed streams pose difficulties because flow resistance is affected by flow‐dependent bed configuration. Our study was designed to develop and validate models for estimating Q from channel geometry easily derived from cross‐sectional surveys and available GIS data. A database was compiled consisting of 484 Q measurements from 75 sand‐bed streams in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina (Southeastern Plains), and Florida (Southern Coastal Plain), with six New Zealand streams included to develop statistical models to predict Q from hydraulic variables. Model error characteristics were estimated with leave‐one‐site‐out jackknifing. Independent data of 317 Q measurements from 55 Southeastern Plains streams indicated the model (Q = A_cR_H^0.6906S^0.1216; where A_c is the channel area, R_H is the hydraulic radius, and S is the bed slope) best predicted Q, based on Akaike's information criterion and root mean square error. Models also were developed from smaller Q range subsets to explore if subsets increased predictive ability, but error fit statistics suggested that these were not reasonable alternatives to the above equation. Thus, we recommend the above equation for predicting in‐bank Q of unbraided, sandy streams of the Southeastern Plains.     

雨水水质监测与常规处理技术的试验研究

对南京城区屋面雨水径流及某住宅小区的雨水调节池水质做了分析测定,发现屋面初期径流污染很严重,最大值能够达到CODcr290.08 mg/L,NH3^＋-N5.47μg/L,浊度220.5NTU。采用混凝-砂滤工艺对调节池雨水进行了中试规模的试验研究,结果表明选用硫酸铝作为混凝剂时,其最佳投加量为25 mg/L,此时CODcr的去除率为85.14%,浊度的去除率为88.79%,TP的去除率为63.18%。后续选用0.5 mm粒径石英砂过滤混凝沉淀后水,处理后出水水质均值分别为浊度7.5 NTU,TP 0.07 mg/L,NH3^＋-N3.68 mg/L,CODcr27.04 mg/L,水质满足《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》（GB/T18920-2002）、《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》（GB/T18921-2002）的水质要求。     

降雨条件下岩溶泉水中悬浮颗粒物的运移特征及来源分析

降雨期是揭示岩溶地下水系统物质能量输入和输出的重要阶段.以重庆青木关地下河系统的出口姜家泉为例,监测了降雨条件下泉水中不同粒径悬浮颗粒物分布,辅助以水文地球化学手段,对岩溶地下水悬浮颗粒物的运移特征和来源进行了探讨.结果表明,在降雨初期,由于外源物质的输入,泉口渠道地表水中0～11μm悬浮颗粒物的数量急剧升高;而后当地下水主要靠岩溶裂隙水补给时,泉水中0～11μm悬浮颗粒物的数量升高,再悬浮作用占到主导地位;继而雨水补给整个流域地下水系统,稀释作用占主导地位时,泉水中0～4μm悬浮颗粒物的数量升高,地下水悬浮颗粒物为外源物质.由于研究区特定的水文地质条件和降雨强度,悬浮颗粒物的临界粒径为4μm,对于泉水是否受到微生物的污染可能有着重要的指示意义.