一体化厌氧氨氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的性能研究

以垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,研究UASB-除碳-一体化ANAMMOX工艺的除碳脱氮特性.结果表明:该工艺可实现高效除碳脱氮;在进水COD浓度6210~16365mg/L?TN浓度为990~2100mg/L时工艺出水COD浓度最低为655mg/L,出水TN浓度最低为39.9mg/L.进水中的可降解COD主要在UASB和除碳池中去除(分别为59%和31%),进入到一体化ANAMMOX池中的多为惰性有机物质;TN的去除在除碳池和一体化ANAMMOX池中进行,其中除碳池中TN去除量占工艺TN去除量的53%,主要通过同步硝化反硝化去除;ANAMMOX池中TN去除46%,主要通过AOB和AnAOB的协同作用实现.当除碳池出水含可降解有机物时,对后续一体化ANAMMOX池的自养脱氮抑制严重;充分降解除碳池中的可降解有机物是影响系统脱氮效率的关键因素.     

氨氧化菌对填埋场CH4协同氧化及铵抑制作用的研究

借助乙炔(C₂H₂)抑制和添加外源铵盐,采用批式培养试验,在初始CH₄浓度为16%的条件下模拟填埋场高CH₄浓度环境,通过分析样品中氨氧化菌对CH₄氧化的贡献率及铵对CH₄氧化的抑制率,研究了填埋场覆盖土、矿化垃圾、砂土和黏土中氨氧化菌对CH₄协同氧化及铵抑制作用. 结果表明:4种供试样品中氨氧化菌对CH₄氧化的贡献率在5.64%~16.24%之间,次序为砂土＜黏土＜覆盖土＜矿化垃圾,覆盖土中的贡献率为14.90%,比矿化垃圾低8.25%,填埋场样品(矿化垃圾和覆盖土)是一般土壤(砂土和黏土)的1.8~10.9倍. 铵对CH₄氧化过程的抑制率在11.90%~24.84%之间,次序为砂土＜黏土＜覆盖土＜矿化垃圾,覆盖土中为23.21%,比矿化垃圾低6.56%,填埋场样品是一般土壤的0.9~2.1倍. 填埋场样品中氨氧化菌对CH₄氧化的贡献率及铵对CH₄氧化的抑制率明显高于一般土壤.      

Modeling and simulation of landfill gas production from pretreated MSW landfill simulator

The cumulative landfill gas (LFG) production and its rate were simulated for pretreated municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill using four models namely first order exponential model, modified Gompertz model, single component combined growth and decay model and Gaussian function. Considering the behavior of the pretreated MSW landfill, a new multi component model was based on biochemical processes that occurring in landfilled pretreated MSW. The model was developed on the basis of single component combined growth and decay model using an anaerobic landfill simulator reactor which treats the pretreated MSW. It includes three components of the degradation i.e. quickly degradable, moderately degradable and slowly degradable. Moreover, the developed model was statistically analyzed for its goodness of fit. The results show that the multi components LFG production model is more suitable in comparison to the simulated models and can efficiently be used as a modeling tool for pretreated MSW landfills. The proposed model is likely to give assistance in sizing of LFG collection system, generates speedy results at lower cost, improves cost-benefit analysis and decreases LFG project risk. It also indicates the stabilization of the landfill and helps the managers in the reuse of the landfill space. The proposed model is limited to aerobically pretreated MSW landfill and also requires the values of delay times in LFG productions from moderately and slowly degradable fractions of pretreated MSW.     

AHP与模糊评判法在垃圾填埋场选址中的应用对比

以对比研究层次分析法和模糊评判法在垃圾填埋场选址中的应用特征,并探究两者综合应用的可能性为目的,以自然地理、地质环境、工程地质条件及环境保护为评价标准,对广州市4个拟建填埋场进行了适宜性评价。在层次分析法确定的权重值的基础上,利用模糊评判法进行计算,最终确定兴丰填埋场为最佳场地,评价结果与实际应用情况相符。另外,通过对比分析发现,在参数选择与定量化方面,模糊评判法评价结果的准确性更高,而层次分析法的计算工作量较少;在评判结果的适用性方面,层次分析法的评判结果与实际相符性程度更高。研究表明,两种方法结合起来应用于垃圾填埋场的选址是可行的,且可提高评判结果的准确度。     

ERT技术界定卫生填埋场边界的试验研究

界定卫生垃圾填埋场边界有助于场地环境的维护和管理,采用电阻率二维层析成像技术中的3种装置排列(测深、温纳、偶极-偶极)对高阻体上表面特征进行试验模拟,并通过电阻率二维层析成像技术对垃圾填埋场边界的电性特征进行研究,在此基础上开展了现场勘查. 结果表明:在由测深和温纳2种装置排列所得到的二维反演图像中,高阻体的上表面与高阻区相切,误差达到25%,表明2种排列不能进行精确定位;而偶极-偶极的反演图像中高阻体的上表面在低阻区与高阻扩散末端的分界点上,反演精度较高,误差在5%以内.      

高安屯卫生填埋场渗沥液处理工艺介绍与分析

垃圾填埋场在运行过程中会产生大量的渗沥液,如果处理不当将会引起地表水、地下水和土壤等严重的二次污染。通过高安屯卫生填埋场的实际运行情况,系统介绍该场的渗沥液处理工艺和处理效果,指出了生化加膜法实际运行中存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

序批式膜反应器处理高氨氮渗滤液同步硝化反硝化特性

应用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理实际垃圾渗滤液,在DO浓度分别为0.45mg.l-1和1.19mg.l-1条件下,研究了系统的有机物,氨氮和总氮去除特性以及游离氨(FA),DO对系统同步硝化反硝化(SND)类型的影响.250d试验研究表明:SBRR系统能够稳定高效地同步去除渗滤液内高浓度有机物和高浓度氨氮.在初始COD浓度为122—2385 mg.l-1的情况下,出水COD浓度为23—929 mg.l-1,有机物最大去除速率25.6 kgCOD.m-2载体.d-1.在初始NH4+-N浓度为40—396.5 mg.l-1的情况下,出水NH4+-N浓度为0—41.2 mg.l-1,最大硝化速率2.87 kgN.m-2载体.d-1.SBBR系统内发生了明显的同步硝化反硝化(SND)现象,TN平均去除率分别为73.8%(DO=0.45 mg.l-1)和30%(DO=1.19 mg.l-1)左右.当FA浓度在1.5—11.6 mg.l-1范围内时,系统中共存硝酸型SND和亚硝酸性SND.当FA从18.6 mg.l-1增加到56 mg.l-1,系统中形成稳定的亚硝酸SND.因此,FA是影响系统SND类型的主要因素,DO可促进亚硝酸性SND向硝酸型SND转化.     

如东县垃圾、粪便无害化处置场二期工程设计

介绍了如东县垃圾、粪便无害化处置场二期工程概况及主要设计内容。在设计中针对当地特殊的气候条件和地质特征,因地制宜,优化设计,旨在提高工程经济性及实用性。     

An attempt to perform water balance in a Brazilian municipal solid waste landfill

This paper presents an attempt to model the water balance in the metropolitan center landfill (MCL) in Salvador, Brazil. Aspects such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) initial water content, mass loss due to decomposition, MSW liquid expelling due to compression and those related to weather conditions, such as the amount of rainfall and evaporation are considered. Superficial flow and infiltration were modeled considering the waste and the hydraulic characteristics (permeability and soil-water retention curves) of the cover layer and simplified uni-dimensional empirical models. In order to validate the modeling procedure, data from one cell at the landfill were used. Monthly waste entry, volume of collected leachate and leachate level inside the cell were monitored. Water balance equations and the compressibility of the MSW were used to calculate the amount of leachate stored in the cell and the corresponding leachate level. Measured and calculated values of the leachate level inside the cell were similar and the model was able to capture the main trends of the water balance behavior during the cell operational period.     

城市垃圾处理的新动向——生物反应器填埋场技术

基于传统垃圾卫生填埋场的不足,介绍了生物反应器填埋场及其对垃圾和渗滤液中污染物的有效去除和阻滞机理,总结了生物反应器填埋场降低渗滤液污染强度、增加填埋场有效容积、提高产气量、加速填埋声稳定、降低垃圾处置成本等优势,概括了生物反应器填埋场设计和操作支行要素,提出了今后的发展方向。