垃圾填埋场的渗滤液产量计算及流场分布预测

分析了垃圾渗滤液的来源，提出定量计算垃圾渗滤液产量的方法，考虑填埋场地考土体自身的防渗能力，提出预测填埋场地中渗滤液流场分布的有限元方法，对场地中渗滤液的流量进行预测并对可能造成的污染进行了评估，进而给出了具体的工程实例。     

我国填埋渗滤液产量影响因素分析及估算方法构建

在综述已有研究结果的基础上,构建了适合我国国情的渗滤液产量估算方法,根据来源将渗滤液概化为降水和垃圾自产水2部分.采用HELP模型获得31个典型城市气候特征下的渗出系数取值;按照产生原理,垃圾自产水分为压缩产水和降解产水,分别建立估算公式并给出田间持水率和组分降解率的取值建议.应用此方法,估算了10个城市的填埋渗滤液产生量.发现在填埋40a内,垃圾自产水占渗滤液总量的52%~82%,说明垃圾自产水的贡献不可忽视.我国不同地区的降水渗出系数和生活垃圾性质差异,使得填埋渗滤液产量具有显著的地域差异性,在选择渗滤液处理方式时应因地制宜.     

单元包封密闭式填埋工艺在阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场的探索实践

针对传统垃圾填埋工艺存在分区作业时间长、填埋气引发臭气污染等问题,结合阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场实际情况,采用单元包封密闭式填埋工艺,利用旱季垃圾堤坝进行分区填埋操作、渗滤液导排盲沟作为填埋单元分隔、构建填埋气及渗滤液收集系统等技术措施,有效地实现了雨污分流. 实施单元包封密闭式填埋工艺后,2010年填埋场渗滤液产生总量减少了约76 000 t,比前4 a平均产生量减少了35%;填埋气收集量增加了12×106 m3,收集总量比前4 a平均值增加了139%;臭气排放指标达到GB 14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》二级排放标准. 该工艺的实施可以使填埋场运行管理更加规范.      

生活垃圾卫生填埋场填埋库区分期设计实例

提出山谷型生活垃圾卫生填埋场填埋库区采取分期设计的原则,以福建省连城县生活垃圾卫生填埋场为例,说明填埋库区采取分期设计后能有效地减少垃圾渗滤液的产生量,从而达到减少工程投资、加快工程进度、减少初期运行费用的目的。     

WATER RECLAMATION BY PHYSICOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER1

ABSTRACT. Treatment of a high strength acidic industrial chemical waste, which had a COD of about 3000 mg/1 and a pH of 3, was attempted by activated carbon adsorption to evaluate the feasibility of yielding effluents of reusable qualities. The experimental methods which were employed in this investigation included batch and column studies. The former was used to evaluate the rate and equilibrium of carbon adsorption while the latter was used to determine treatment efficiencies and performance characteristics. Parallel operations of fixed-bed and expanded-bed adsorbers were contrasted in the column study. Results of this investication indicate that activated carbon was very efficient in removing the COD of the chemical waste. Initial pH adjustments for the wastewater to 7.0 or 11.4 did not increase the COD removal efficiency. Turbidity and nitrogen (total Kjeldahl- and ammonia-N) were removed to some extents by the carbon bed adsorbers while phosphorus (total-and ortho-P) was totally unaffected by the carbon treatment.     

碳中和视域下的垃圾精细化治理：日本吸收性卫生用品回收体系的构建经验及启示

通过循环利用，减少吸收性卫生用品产量和废弃量的陡增所带来的碳排放量，将加速碳中和进程。日本提供了吸收性卫生用品回收体系构建的先行经验，即以“政府引导—企业运作—社会团体协作”为顶层架构，明确制度、完备设施、完善渠道、宣传到户等。建议我国取长补短，在夯实法律法规和优化主体协同机制的基础上，重点着眼于突破技术壁垒、推动智慧化监管、深化绿色理念，以点带面推进吸收性卫生用品的回收循环试点，进一步推动垃圾分类精细化治理的进程。