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41.
William R. Walker Carol J. Haley Phyllis Bridgeman Stephen H. Goldstein 《Environmental management》1991,15(3):441-449
A literature search and survey of Virginia, USA, campgrounds with RV pump-out stations were used to determine whether boat
holding-tank deodorant chemicals would have deleterious effects on marina septic systems or package treatment plants. Laboratory
studies reported in the literature indicate that these chemical additives could affect septic system function in three ways:
(1) active ingredients in the additives can impair sewage degradation in septic tanks, causing sludge buildup and overflow
of solids into the drainfield, (2) additive chemicals might enter the drainfield and, in high enough concentrations, reduce
the drainfield's ability to degrade waste, or (3) toxic additive chemicals might migrate from the drainfield to ground or
surface water. Laboratory studies also show that some ingredients added to holding tanks interfere with functioning of activated
sludge treatment process. Experience in the field and in other laboratory studies suggests that factors such as dilution of
treated waste with untreated waste and the characteristics of the sewage to be treated can reduce the possibility of damage
to septic and activated sludge systems. The campground owners surveyed indicated that they have few problems with their septic
systems in spite of the presence of chemical additives in the RV waste. However, most of them practice good septic system
maintenance and have devised other means of ensuring that their systems function efficiently. In addition, the survey indicates
that most Virginia campgrounds get only seasonal use (as would marinas in Virginia), allowing their systems to recover between
peak seasons. 相似文献
42.
北方城市垃圾的回收和利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着城市垃圾的迅速增长,垃圾污染问题异常尖锐突出,特别是北方城市尤为严重。本文围绕北方城市如何选择合适的垃圾处理技术进行探讨。提出现阶段在大中城市开展综合处理。在小城市采取以卫生填埋为主、堆肥为辅的处理技术,是解决城市垃圾问题的有效途径。 相似文献
43.
在分析港口所属职工食堂及附近饭店的食品、餐具卫生状况及特点的基础上,根据港口及附近餐饮单位个人承包多,卫生经费投入少,食品卫生淡化的现状,对改善卫生状况提出意见和建议。 相似文献
44.
王新兰 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2006,26(5):63-64
餐厨泔水去向已经影响到人们切身利益,文中通过对其去向:1、集中后加工处理;2、用来喂猪;3、提取食用油酯(必须取缔)分析,根据相关法规,提出针对“集中后加工处理”应有政策倾斜、降低成本、提高服务质量及“用来喂猪”时要加强泔水分类、加热喂食等相关注意事项的执行力度等相关对策。 相似文献
45.
Yanhong Gong Jincong Yu Xiaochang Zhang 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):435-442
Sanitation workers ‘ workload increases quickly with rapid urbanization, but there is almost no evidence or policy recommendations for their management in developing countries. This study describes the health status and occupational protection of sanitation workers; it also explores risk factors related to their health status in Wuhan City, China. Three hundred and eighty-five sanitation workers from 54 streets of Wuhan were surveyed. Their prevalence of 2-week illness and arthritis was relatively higher than in the general population in China. Findings related to occupational protection showed that both sanitation workers (users) and their managers (providers) neglected the role of low-cost protection measures, especially masks, soap/hand sani-tizer and prejob training (use rate of 7.27%, 26.75% and 43.64%, respectively). High-intensity workload was an important risk factor for 2-week illness, and prejob training was an important protective factor against arthritis. 相似文献
46.
Ola Busari 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):71-83
This paper captures the lessons learned from the implementation of water supply and sanitation interventions in Mayiwane community
in the rural northeastern region of the Kingdom of Swaziland, relating to water system rehabilitation, water quantity and
quality improvements, and the promotion of latrine construction. The issues examined include both the dimensions of implementation
efficiency and project effectiveness: first identifying the inputs, activities and final outputs and, then, tracking the entire
project cycle, from design to implementation and monitoring. To draw meaningful lessons for the sustainability of similar
interventions, project evaluation involved extensive fieldwork, water sampling and testing, review of documentation, and interviews
with community members and officials of governmental, civil society and collaborating external agencies.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
47.
The impact of career customization on work outcomes: Boundary conditions of manager support and employee age
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The current paper investigated the longitudinal effects of mass career customization (MCC) on job attitudes and objective career outcomes of employees in a professional service firm in the Netherlands. On the basis of theory on individualization of career trajectories, it was expected that the possibility for employees to customize their careers would be positively related to their job attitudes and subsequent objective career success, as indicated by their levels of affective commitment, work engagement, and received salary and bonuses. However, these effects were expected to occur primarily under the combination of high manager support for implementation of career customization and, on the basis of lifespan theory, older workers, as customization fulfills their increased heterogeneous career preferences. A three‐wave longitudinal study largely showed support for the study hypotheses; the relation between MCC use and work engagement and subsequent career success was stronger for older workers who received support for MCC, whereas the relation between MCC use and commitment was negative for older workers who received low support. The study shows the benefits of career customization in organizations by showing the conditions under which these benefits will manifest. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
隧道工人的PM10职业暴露特征调查分析及其健康风险评价 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
针对隧道工人职业健康风险缺乏定量评价方法的现状,借鉴公共环境健康领域暴露评价模型对隧道施工PM10职业暴露的健康风险进行定量评价.设计职业暴露问卷对湖北麻竹高速公路某标段施工中的250名隧道工人进行了调查,并对现场PM10浓度水平进行了监测.结果表明,隧道工人的PM10暴露浓度水平相当高,开挖工、爆破工、支护工、出渣工、二衬工的PM10暴露浓度分别为限值的83倍、18倍、8倍、9倍和9倍;5个工种比较,二衬工日均暴露时间最长,达11.48 h·d-1,能量代谢率最高,达1 067.43 k J·(m2·h)-1,呼吸速率的计算结果显示除二衬工属于重度活动以外,其他4个工种均为中度活动;评价结果显示5个工种均存在健康风险,其中,PM10暴露浓度高是开挖工和爆破工危险系数高的主要原因,而二衬工危险系数高的原因则在于高劳动强度所致的较高的呼吸速率以及较高的日均暴露时间.降低隧道工人PM10健康风险可行的途径是通过配备合适劳动作业的呼吸防护用品从而降低PM10暴露浓度,另外可通过制定相应的职业规范设置合理的劳动年限从而减少持续暴露时间. 相似文献
49.
Medilanski E Chuan L Mosler HJ Schertenleib R Larsen TA 《Environmental management》2007,39(5):648-662
We conducted a study of the institutional barriers to introducing urine source separation in the urban area of Kunming, China.
On the basis of a stakeholder analysis, we constructed stakeholder diagrams showing the relative importance of decision-making
power and (positive) interest in the topic. A hypothetical decision-making process for the urban case was derived based on
a successful pilot project in a periurban area. All our results were evaluated by the stakeholders. We concluded that although
a number of primary stakeholders have a large interest in testing urine source separation also in an urban context, most of
the key stakeholders would be reluctant to this idea. However, the success in the periurban area showed that even a single,
well-received pilot project can trigger the process of broad dissemination of new technologies. Whereas the institutional
setting for such a pilot project is favorable in Kunming, a major challenge will be to adapt the technology to the demands
of an urban population. Methodologically, we developed an approach to corroborate a stakeholder analysis with the perception
of the stakeholders themselves. This is important not only in order to validate the analysis but also to bridge the theoretical
gap between stakeholder analysis and stakeholder involvement. We also show that in disagreement with the assumption of most
policy theories, local stakeholders consider informal decision pathways to be of great importance in actual policy-making. 相似文献
50.
高校宣传思想工作者要抓住宣传思想工作的根本问题,不断提高自身素质,尤其要强化相关意识:党性意识、人本意识、求真意识、服务意识、民主意识、导向意识、渗透意识、阵地意识、示范意识、创新意识。 相似文献