污泥含炭吸附剂对挥发性有机废气吸附实验研究

研究了污泥含炭吸附剂对挥发性有机污染物的吸附特性。结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对苯系物的吸附为典型的物理吸附,其吸附甲苯等温线的类型系优惠型吸附等温线,表明具有良好的吸附能力;在吸附反应温度为20℃,气体流量为500 mL/m in(停留时间为0.424 s),甲苯浓度为2 700 mg/m3时,甲苯的饱和吸附容量为150.0 mg/g;同时,研究表明污泥含炭吸附剂对苯系物的饱和吸附容量和吸附强弱次序为二甲苯甲苯苯。结果表明污泥含炭吸附剂适合对中低浓度有机废气的吸附净化。     

能源利用中烃类气体检测技术研究进展

烃类气体作为地表油气地球化学勘查地下油气藏的直接指标,以及钻井液检测中指导钻井作业的重要因素,在挥发性烃类污染控制中也发挥着重要作用。通过对各类烃类气体检测技术现状和应用情况进行分析与整理,为该类技术针对不同目标的选择与组合提供了依据。     

循环荷载对饱和黄土动剪模量的影响研究

利用装有压电陶瓷弯曲元的双向振动三轴仪对饱和黄土进行了循环荷载试验,并根据静力固结条件下黄土的动剪模量发展规律建立了基于哈定方程的拟合曲线;将循环荷载作用下的动剪模量与静力固结下的动剪模量进行了对比研究,并根据轴向应变的发展规律,确定了以上2种条件下动剪模量产生差异的原因:试样结构性破坏,土颗粒重排列,土体具有很高的敏感性。对于振动过程中的暂停对试验的影响进行了研究,认为由于暂停时间很短,可以忽略这种影响。在振动结束后,对试样在原压力下重新进行固结,结果表明,固结完成后,试样的动剪模量增大,且增大幅度随着密度的增加而变小。     

Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by Haloarchaea and their use for the reduction of the chemical oxygen demand of hypersaline petroleum produced water

Ten halophilic Archaea (Haloarchaea) strains able to degrade aromatic compounds were isolated from five hypersaline locations; salt marshes in the Uyuni salt flats in Bolivia, crystallizer ponds in Chile and Cabo Rojo (Puerto Rico), and sabkhas (salt flats) in the Persian Gulf (Saudi Arabia) and the Dead Sea (Israel and Jordan). Phylogenetic identification of the isolates was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolated Haloarchaea strains were able to grow on a mixture of benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and salicylic acid (1.5 mM each) and a mixture of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]anthracene (0.3 mM each). Evaluation of the extent of degradation of the mixed aromatic hydrocarbons demonstrated that the isolates could degrade these compounds in hypersaline media containing 20% NaCl. The strains were shown to reduce the COD of hypersaline crude oil reservoir produced waters significantly beyond that achieved using standard hydrogen peroxide treatment alone.     

Hydroxytyrosol, the phenolic compound of olive oil protects human PBMC against oxidative stress and DNA damage mediated by 2,3,7,8-TCDD

The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a strong antioxidant compound from extra virgin olive oil, against TCDD induced toxicity was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC (1 × 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹) were divided into four groups and were incubated in a CO₂ incubator (5% CO₂) for 12 h with vehicle, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD + HT (10 nM + 100 μM) and HT alone (100 μM) respectively. To clarify the role of HT against TCDD induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Incubation of PBMC with TCDD significantly decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, HT had an effective antioxidant property as observed by the increased cell viability, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of LPO, PCC and ROS in PBMC co-treated with HT and TCDD. Apoptosis detection and comet assay results shows that HT, by acting as an antioxidant, prevents the damage to DNA induced by TCDD. In addition light microscopic and histopathological observations revealed that the cells are apoptotic and degenerated during TCDD treatment, whereas cells showed intact morphology during co-treatment with HT. On the whole, the results reveal that HT exerts a promising antioxidant potential in protecting the PBMC against TCDD induced oxidative stress, which might be due to the presence of catechol moiety in its structure.     

化工园区生化出水氯代烃污染物的臭氧氧化降解

以化工园区污水处理厂生化出水为背景水样,考察了臭氧氧化对2,4,6-三氯酚、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、对硝基氯苯、四氯酞酸5种特征氯代烃污染物的降解效果,并对其降解动力学进行了分析。实验结果表明:臭氧对2,4,6-三氯酚和氯苯的降解效果最好,反应30 min时的去除率均接近100%,其次为1,2-二氯苯和对硝基氯苯,反应30 min时的去除率分别为95.7%和36.0%,最差为四氯酞酸,反应30 min时的去除率仅为8.9%;臭氧对2,4,6-三氯酚和对硝基氯苯的降解符合零级动力学方程,对氯苯和1,2-二氯苯的降解符合一级动力学方程,对四氯酞酸的降解符合二级动力学方程。     

饱和土半空间中地下圆形衬砌洞室对平面SV波的散射

在Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论的基础上,利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,通过对含有衬砌洞室的局部场地进行波场分析,得到饱和土半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波的散射问题的解析解。经验证,本文得到的解可以退化为半空间单相介质的情况。通过与已有的单相弹性介质半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波散射问题的解析解的对比,验证了此解的正确性。在解析解的基础上,数值计算给出洞口动应力集中放大系数,分析了入射频率和孔洞埋深对柱面上的应力集中因子的影响。     

微生物降解石油烃污染物的研究进展

对石油烃污染物的生物处理技术进行了较全面的介绍,总结了国内外在该领域的研究成果.重点介绍了石油烃降解微生物种类、石油烃降解酶、环境影响因素以及微生物降解石油烃技术的应用等方面的研究进展.分析了现有研究中存在的不足,并对今后的研究趋势作了预测和展望.     

基于统计方法的辽东湾沉积物中多环芳烃来源特征分析

为研究辽东湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源特征,2014年5月采集了20个辽东湾海域表层沉积物样品,并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪对优先控制的16种PAHs进行测定,采用聚类分析、主成分分析-多元线性回归分析、异构体比值3种统计方法对辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs来源特征进行了研究。结果表明,辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs含量范围88.5~199.3 ng·g-1,平均值为(126.3±35.3)ng·g-1,其中,萘、菲和荧蒽是PAHs优势组分。通过统计分析结果表明,辽东湾北部表层沉积物中PAHs含量低于西南部,沉积物中PAHs的来源包括石油燃烧来源、煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源和石油来源,其中燃烧来源是主要来源,煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源占49.9%,石油燃烧来源和石油来源占50.1%。     

美国和五大湖双边共同关注区域的白肚燕(双色树燕)雏鸟的有机污染状况

白肚燕,又名双色树燕,栖居于五大湖流域中27个双边共同关注区域(AOCs),从2010年到2014年对其进行了污染物暴露风险评估,以协助管理者和监管者评估五大湖AOCs的污染状况。本文比较了AOCs和附近非AOCs雏鸟体内污染物浓度的差异。AOCs白肚燕雏鸟尸体中多氯联苯(PCB)和多溴联苯醚的含量分别为30%和33%,低于非AOCs的平均浓度。AOCs白肚燕雏鸟胃含物中多环芳烃(PAH)浓度和血浆中全氟化合物浓度分别为67%和64%,也低于非AOCs的平均浓度。但是与已有生殖效应记载的高PCB污染区相比,有些AOCs雏鸟尸体内的PCBs浓度只是存在小幅升高。一些AOCs食物中PAHs的浓度足够高以致引起可测量的生理响应。在AOCs中,全氟化合物全氟辛烷磺酸在血浆中的最高浓度出现在Raisin河(密歇根州,美国;几何平均数330 ng/mL),但远低于预估毒性的参考值(1 700 ng/mL)。之前有研究报道雏鸟胃含物中PAH和PCB的浓度以及尸体中PCBs的含量与沉积物中污染物的含量显著相关,从而可加强白肚燕在评估沉积物污染生物有效性方面的应用。
精选自Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Custer, Paul M. Dummer, Diana Goldberg, J. Christian Franson, Richard A. Erickson. Organic contamination in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings at United States and binational Great Lakes areas of concern. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 36, Issue 3, pages 735–748, July 2017. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3598
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/etc.3598/full