一起110 kV变压器高温过热故障综合分析及诊断

讲述了一起110 kV电力变压器内部发生高温过热故障后的分析和诊断过程,文章通过多种溶解气体分析法如特征气体法、三比值法、四比值法、总烃安伏法等对故障进行分析,准确判断了故障类型、严重程度,并准确判断出故障的大概发生部位,从而对设备的运行及检修提出策略参考,并在设备解体中印证了检修前的分析和判断,确保了设备和电网的安全稳定运行。     

土壤石油烃污染的植物毒性及植物-微生物联合降解

通过盆栽实验研究了土壤石油烃污染对玉米和水稻根伸长的影响,并在土壤中接种经过筛选得到的石油烃降解菌,研究石油烃降解菌对石油烃毒性的影响以及对土壤中石油烃的降解。研究结果表明,石油烃浓度低于1 000 mg/kg时对玉米的根系生长有一定的刺激生长作用,随着石油烃浓度的增加,刺激根长生长的作用逐渐降低,研究结果表明,水稻根长受石油烃影响较小。通过对不同处理土壤中石油烃降解的研究结果表明,土壤中种植水稻对石油烃有一定的降解作用,但是不同处理下土壤中的石油烃降解率不同,其中水稻微生物联合处理下土壤中石油烃的降解速率最快,培养期内的降解效率达到53.3%。     

振动频率对饱和砂土液化强度的影响

采用"土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪"对饱和砂土进行了一系列动三轴实验,探讨了振动频率对液化强度数值的影响程度。在1.0、1.5固结比和0.05、0.10、1.00 Hz振动频率条件下,针对相对密实度分别为70%、28%的密砂和松砂进行了100、200、300 kPa围压和100 kPa围压条件下的液化强度实验。实验结果表明,饱和密砂和松砂在各种固结条件下,液化强度随着振动频率的增大而增大,相同破坏振次时,各种实验条件下的液化强度与振动频率的关系在双对数坐标上均符合线性关系;振动频率由0.05 Hz变化到1.00 Hz时,液化强度相差达25%以上;动强度指标φd值随振动频率的增大而增大,最大相差12.2%;随着振动频率的增大,砂土达到液化破坏所需的时间明显缩短;振动频率对松砂液化强度的影响比对密砂的影响更为显著。     

石油烃污染土壤生物修复技术研究

生物修复由于其成本低、操作简便、无二次污染的特点,已越来越多的运用到石油烃污染土壤的修复过程中。本文阐述了生物强化、生物刺激、生物通风、生物堆肥法和生物反应器法几种常见的生物修复技术的修复原理、使用条件和研究现状,以及讨论了土壤性质对生物修复的影响,并对今后利用生物修复石油烃污染土壤的研究进行了展望。     

厌氧条件下有机氯代烃污染物的氧化降解

根据土柱实验,对3种弱还原条件下氯乙烷和氯乙烯类化合物的氧化降解进行了研究.结果显示,在硝酸盐和氧化锰存在条件下,1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCA)和一氯乙烯(VC)可发生氧化降解,其中,1,2-DCA转化速率在反硝化和锰还原过程中分别为1.18/h和0.54/h,VC转化速率分别为0.29/h和0.15/h.在Fe(OH)³存在条件下,VC无明显降解,1,2-DCA的降解亦受到抑制.其它有机氯代烃,如1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、及二氯乙烯异构体等,在3种氧化还原条件下均未发生降     

南宁市多环境介质中多环芳烃分布特征

为了确定多环境介质中多环芳烃的浓度、组成和分布特征,采集南宁市冬夏季空气、大气干湿沉降物、土壤和地下水样品,利用16种多环芳烃的成分谱,结合其物理化学性质,分析多环芳烃在多环境介质中的浓度、组成和分布特征,结果表明:1空气和大气干湿沉降物中PAHs均以2~3环为主,由于冬夏季节差异性,冬季ΣPAHs浓度高于夏季;2土壤中PAHs以2~3环为主,且土壤颗粒粒径分布差异性是导致不同层位PAHs分布特征差异的主要原因;3地下水中PAHs检出种类少,检出量小,也表明土壤包气带能够"截留"较多的PAHs;416种PAHs在不同环境介质中质量分数均呈现由低环向高环递减的趋势,且两地区冬夏季2~3环和5~6环PAHs在各环境介质中分布特征具有较好的一致性,但也有一定的差异.这与PAHs的理化性质、水文地质条件、城市污染状况、天气状况等方面有关.     

两株柴油降解菌的性能研究

以0#柴油为惟一碳源,对两株柴油降解菌DS-Ⅰ菌和DS-Ⅲ菌降低液体表面张力的能力、柴油降解动力学及表面活性物质成分进行了研究。实验结果表明:DS-Ⅰ菌和DS-Ⅲ菌在生长过程中均可产生糖脂类生物表面活性物质,使发酵液表面张力降低;在11d的发酵时间内,DS-Ⅰ菌和DS-Ⅲ菌使发酵液中柴油的质量浓度从48.72m g/L分别降至16.64m g/L和9.17m g/L,柴油降解率分别为65.84%和81.18%,柴油降解速率分别为5.16m g/(L.d)和5.96m g/(L.d)。发酵液表面张力的降低与柴油的降解效果有显著的相关性。DS-Ⅲ菌在疏水性、对柴油的生长适应性和柴油降解速率等方面比DS-Ⅰ菌更好。     

加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃

研究了土壤中的16种多环芳烃的提取和测定方法.结果表明,用加速溶剂提取仪在100℃,二氯甲烷和丙酮(1:1)提取5min,再经硅胶柱净化,正己烷和二氯甲烷(3:2)洗脱,25℃氮吹浓缩后用高效液相色谱测定可以得到很好的效果,方法回收率在58%～106%之间,检测限为1.4×10-4～3.6×10-2mg/kg,且重现性好.     

Chemical defense of an earwig (Doru taeniatum)

Summary. The earwig Doru taeniatum (Dermaptera, Forficulidae) has a pair of defensive glands, opening on the 4th abdominal tergite, from which it discharges a spray when disturbed. It aims the discharges by revolving the abdomen, a maneuver that enables it simultaneously to use its pincers in defense. The secretion contains two quinones (methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone) present in the glands as a crystalline mass, together with pentadecane and a (presumably) aqueous phase. The gland openings are minute, with the result that virtually no quinone crystals are expelled with the spray. Only the two liquid phases are discharged, together with the ca. 1% quinone they carry in solution. Such a solute-economizing discharge mechanism appears to be without parallel among insect defensive glands. Received 14 February 2000; accepted 21 February 2000     

Assays of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and co-contaminated heavy metals in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying the recombinant guinea pig aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated β-glucuronidase reporter gene expression system

The transgenic Arabidopsis plant XgD2V11-6 carrying the recombinant guinea pig (g) aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system was examined for assay of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and co-contaminated heavy metals. When the transgenic Arabidopsis plants were treated with PCB126 (toxic equivalency factor; TEF: 0.1) and PCB169 (TEF: 0.03), the GUS activity of the whole plants was increased significantly. After treatment with PCB80 (TEF: 0), the GUS activity was nearly the same level as that treated with 0.1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle control. After exposure to a 1:1 mixture of PCB126 and PCB169, the GUS activity was increased additively. However, after exposure to a mixture of PCB126 and PCB80, the GUS activity was lower than that of the treatment with PCB126 alone. Thus, PCB80 seemed to be an antagonist towards AhR. When the transgenic plants were treated with each of the heavy metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb together with PCB126, Cd and Pb increased the PCB126-induced GUS activity. On the other hand, Fe, Cu and Zn did not affect the PCB126-induced GUS activity. In the presence of the biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipid-B (MEL-B) and the carrier protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), the PCB126-induced GUS activity was increased, but the Cd-assisted PCB126-induced GUS activity was not affected. Thus, MEL-B and BSA seemed to increase uptake and transport of PCB126, respectively.