Contamination, Crop Trials, and Compatibility

This paper examines the ethical andsocial questions that underlie the present UKdiscussion whether GM crops and organicagriculture can co-exist within a given regionor are mutually exclusive. A EuropeanCommission report predicted practicaldifficulties in achieving sufficientseparation distances to guarantee lowerthreshold levels proposed for GM material inorganic produce. Evidence of gene flow betweensome crops and their wild relatives has beena key issue in the recent Government consultation toconsult on whether or not to authorizecommercial planting of GM crops, following theresults of the current UK farm scale trials.The admixture of imported Bt transgenes intolandrace varieties of Mexican maize alsopresents difficulties. An ethical evaluationis made of the claim that organic growersshould expect protection from adventitioustraces of GM constructs in their products. Towhat extent – on either side of the debate –can any particular group in society set upagricultural standards for itself that mayeffectively restrain others from an otherwisejust business? The assumptions behind notionslike ``purity'' and ``contamination'' areexamined, together with their underlying viewsof nature and human intervention. The 2001UK Agriculture and Environmental BiotechnologyCommission report is relevant to theseissues. While the Government wishes to promotethe UK biotechnology industry and is underpressure from US claims of trade restraint, astrong organic lobby demands purity from GMcontamination. Does this adversarial framingof the issues reflect broader public opinionin the UK public consultation? Inarriving at policy decisions, the role of thevirtue of tolerance is considered inpost-modern and Christian ethical contexts.     

嗜盐菌相溶物质合成与转运调节机制

嗜盐菌是极端环境微生物的重要类群之一,作为新型微生物资源,为微生物生理、遗传分类及生命科学和相关学科许多领域的研究提供新的课题.文章综述了嗜盐菌的嗜盐渗透压分子调节机理中,相溶物质胞外吸收转运与胞内生物合成途径涉及的结构基因、主要酶类的相关研究进展,并对后续研究进行讨论与展望.     

产毒微囊藻mcyA基因荧光定量PCR方法的建立

针对微囊藻毒素合成酶基因mcyA探索一种适用于自然水样中微囊藻毒素产毒潜能检测的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法.该方法从铜绿微囊藻FACHB-1279中的mcyA基因中扩增出目的基因片段,用TA克隆方法将基因片段插入Allel TA vector (ABP-CETAVEC020)中来制备质粒标准晶.通过不同连续稀释...     

Prolonged manganese exposure induces severe deficits in lifespan, development and reproduction possibly by altering oxidative stress response in Caenorhabditis elegans

We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our data suggest that acute exposure (6 h) to Mn did not cause severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction.Similarly,no significant defects could be found for the life span,development,and reproduction in animals exposed to a low concentration of Mn (2.5 μmol/L) for 48 h.In contrast,prolonged exposure (48-h) to high concentrations of Mn (75 and 200 μmol/L) resulted in significant defects of life span,development,and reproduction,as well as the increase of the percentage of population with hsp-16.2::gfp expression indicating the obvious induction of stress responses in exposed animals.Moreover,prolonged exposure (48-h) to high concentrations (75 and 200 μmol/L) of Mn decreased the expression levels of antioxidant genes of sod-1,sod-2,sod-3,and sod-4 compared to control.Therefore,prolonged exposure to high concentrations of Mn will induce the severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction in nematodes possibly by affecting the stress response and expression of antioxidant genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.     

不同系统pJP4质粒介导基因强化降解2,4-D效应研究

以携带pJP4质粒的基因工程菌Pseudomonas putida SM1443∷gfp2x(pJP4∷dsRed)为供体菌,考察了pJP4质粒在4种纯菌中的转移效应;并分别针对活性污泥、生物膜、颗粒污泥和河流沉积物系统,通过实验室小试实验考察了该基因工程菌对不同系统目标污染物2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）的强化降解效应.结果表明,该基因工程菌中的pJP4质粒能够以广泛的微生物细胞为受体菌发生水平转移;向活性污泥、生物膜、颗粒污泥和河流沉积物系统加入一定量的基因工程菌,对2,4-D的降解都能够产生明显的促进作用.对于活性污泥系统（2,4-D初始浓度为450 mg/L）,强化与对照系统反应143.5　h时2,4-D去除率分别为66％和54％;对于生物膜系统（2,4-D初始浓度为180　mg/L）,强化与对照系统在反应113　h时对其去除率分别为99％和61％;对于颗粒污泥系统（2,4-D初始浓度为160　mg/L）,强化系统2,4-D在62　h接近完全去除,而对照系统66　h去除率仅为26％;对于沉积物系统（2,4-D初始浓度为2　mg/L）,强化与对照系统344　h去除率分别为93％和69％.激光共聚集扫描显微（CLSM）分析揭示并证实了不同基因强化系统接合子的形成与存在.     

The influence of introducing soft-shelled turtle on soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in paddy field北大核心CSCD

Soil microorganisms are an important part of the soil ecosystem, but studies on the structure of the soil bacterial community, especially the related genes, is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the structure of soil microorganisms and the connection between the soil microorganisms and different farming systems. We used the Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx to compare root soil bacteria (nifH gene) diversity characteristics between the rice-turtle co-culture system (R-T) and rice monoculture system (R-M), aiming to reveal the structural characteristics of soil microorganisms, and the connection between the soil microorganisms and different farming systems. The results of High Throughput Sequencing of nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed that the main nitrogen-fixing bacteria were classified as Bradyrhizobium, Geobacter, Anaeromyxobacter, Desulfovibrio, Sideroxydans, Desulfuromonas, Halorhodospira, Azotobacter, Desulfobulbus, Methylomonas, Pseudacidovorax, and Azospirillum. The diversity index of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root soil of R-T was higher than that of R-M, which was 6.85-0.07. The difference of soil nitrogen-fixation bacteria in the root soil of rice paddy was 23.86% among the different farming systems, and the difference in the different rice growth period was 16.97%. In summary, the rice growth period and different farming systems both have an influence on the nitrogen-fixation bacteria in paddy soil; the influence of the growth period on the nitrogen-fixation bacteria in the paddy soil was greater. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Isolation,identification, and the biodegradation characteristics of a benzoylurea insecticides-degrading strain北大核心CSCD

A chlorbenzuron, diflubenzuron, and hexaflumuron-degrading bacterium strain M6, was isolated from the activated sludge of an insecticide factory. The strain was identified as Achromobacter sp. according to an analysis on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, morphological, and physiological characteristics. Strain M6 could degrade more than 91% of 100 mg/L chlorbenzuron, diflubenzuron, and hexaflumuron within 48 hours, which could act as the sole carbon source. Strain M6 showed more chlorbenzuron degradation at a temperature range between 25 and 40 ℃ and a pH range between 6.0 and 8.0. The optimal temperature and the initial pH of medium for chlorbenzuron degradation by strain M6 were 30 ℃ and 7.0, respectively; the maximum chlorbenzuron tolerated concentration of strain M6 was as high as 400 mg/L. Strain M6 hydrolyzed 4-acetaminophenol into a purple-red product. Moreover, an approximately 1.4 kb DNA fragment, which could be expressed into an amidase to degrade amide pesticides, was amplified from the genomic DNA of strain M6. The results preliminarily proved that 3 benzoylurea insecticides could be degraded because of strain M6 hydrolyzing their amide bonds. This study obtained a highly efficient degrading strain and provided new resources and valuable information on benzoylurea insecticide degradation. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

生态毒理学教学专栏寄语

抗生素的长期滥用,使得环境细菌耐药性不断增强,加速了耐药基因(antibiotics resistance genes,ARGs)在环境中的传播扩散,并给饮用水带来健康风险。在介绍饮用水中抗生素和耐药基因污染现状的基础上,阐述了耐药基因在饮用水中的来源和归趋,对环境中抗生素和耐药基因的人体健康风险做了初步探讨,针对目前饮用水的污染现状,对今后有关饮用水中细菌耐药的研究进行了展望。     

基于苋菜转录组的ARF基因家族鉴定及表达

ARFs(auxin response factors)是重要的生长素响应因子,在植物的生长发育过程中起着关键的作用.基于'大红'苋菜转录组数据,通过在线分析软件SMART和NCBI-Blastp的注释筛选苋菜ARF基因家族成员(AtrARF);利用生物信息学分析软件,对AtrARFs蛋白的理化性质、二级结构、亚细胞定...