糯稻和非糯稻蜡质基因的新STS分子标记

通过对前人公布的糯性水稻蜡质基因全序列测定结果的分析,根据糯性水稻与非糯性水稻蜡质基因序列位点的差异,设计了两个基于PCR扩增反应的可特异识别糯性水稻的显性和共显性STS分子标记;同时在前人公布的非糯性水稻蜡质基因的不同类型(Wxa和Wxb)的全序列比对分析的基础上,选取了两种基因型特定的差异位点,设计了两个基于PCR扩增反应用于特异识别这两种Wx基因的显性STS分子标记,并用新建立的标记对相应的水稻基因型进行了检测.图2表2参10     

拟南芥SHI基因在烟草中的表达和矮化、延迟开花的烟草植株的获得

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)从拟南芥基因组DNA中克隆了拟南芥SHOTINTERNODS(SHI)基因,并进行了序列测定.以载体pBI121为基本骨架构建了SHI的植物表达载体,并导入根癌农杆菌EHA105.通过农杆菌介导的叶盘法将拟南芥SHI基因转入烟草.PCR和RT-PCR检测证明,拟南芥SHI基因已整合到烟草基因组中并得以表达,获得了矮化、延迟开花的烟草植株.图5参12     

苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株WB9编码活性因子的基因分析

采用PCR—RFLP及PCR技术对苏云金芽胞杆菌新分离菌株WB9的ICP、VIP、几丁质酶和肠毒素4种活性因子的编码基因进行了分析．结果表明，该菌株含有编码ICP的cry1Aa、cry1Ab、cry1Cb、cry1Fa和cry1GaS个cry1基因型，编码Vip3A蛋白的vip3A基因以及编码3种肠毒素的hblA、bceT和entS基因；不含编码几丁质酶的基因．将vip3A、hblA、bceT和entS基因PCR产物回收纯化后直接测序，经在线的BLAST软件进行同源性分析，前两个基因片段与Bt已公布基因序列的相应片段同源性分别为99％和96％～98％，bceT基因片段与蜡质芽孢杆菌bceT相应片段同源性为97％．     

大凉疣螈脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因的克隆与序列分析

大凉疣螈 (Ｔｙｌｏｔｏｔｒｉｔｏｎｔａｌｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ)属于两栖纲有尾目蝾螈科 ,仅分布在我国四川省西南部 ,活动范围狭窄 ,数量有限 ,是我国二级保护动物[1] .两栖动物在生物进化中是承上启下的关键动物 ,它们开启了脊椎动物登上陆地的历史 ,而且是真正陆生脊椎动物—爬行动物的祖先 ,其生理、结构等方面与鱼类和爬行类都有着明显的差别 .脑源性神经营养因子 (ｂｒａｉｎ ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＢＤＮＦ)是神经营养因子家族的一员 ,ＢＤＮＦ在脊椎动物胚胎神经系统的发育、分化及在成体神经系统维…     

A simple electrophoretic procedure for fetal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia due to short deletions

This study describes three couples a t risk for homozygous β-thalassaemia in which one of the partners carried a short deletion β-thalassaemia defect. Detection of short deletions in trophoblast DNA was accomplished by the very simple procedure of non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method may be applied to detect β-thalassaemia mutations due to deletion or addition of more than two nucleotides.     

Apparent segregation of null alleles ascribed to deletions of the ornithine transcarbamylase gene in congenital hyperammonaemia

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is an X-linked disorder of the urea cycle mapped to chromosome Xp21.1. Here, we show that apparent segregation of null alleles at the OTC locus and flanking polymorphic loci mimicked false maternity or false paternity in three affected families. Based on these observations, we suggest giving consideration to gene deletion when dealing with segregation of null alleles in OTC deficiency.     

Five years' experience of prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the former U.S.S.R.

From a total of 490 cystic fibrosis (CF) high-risk families under supervision (mostly Russian Slavs from the European part of the country), DNA data including both direct screening for some CF gene(CFTR)mutations(deIF508, G551D and 1677delTA) and allelic polymorphism studies with tightly CF linked DNA markers were collected from 261 families. All full families (129) and 86 CF families with a deceased index child were found to be either fully (42 per cent) or partially (40 per cent) informative for DNA analysis. Prenatal diagnosis (PD) was carried out in 161 CF families. Microvillar enzyme (MVE) assay was applied to all 140 PD at the second trimester either as a single test (88) or in conjunction with DNA analysis (52). The frequency of false-negative results of the MVE assay was 1.3 percent and that of false-positive results, as judged by the albumin meconium test, was 5.0 per cent. Ambiguous results of MVE analysis were found in 30 cases, 12 of which were verified by DNA analysis. Molecular diagnosis of CF at the first trimester was carried out in 21 cases and four pregnancies were terminated. Altogether, 39 pregnancies with a predicted high risk of CF fetuses were terminated. The low average frequency of delF508 in CF chromosomes of Russian Slavs (50 per cent), its remarkable inter-population variation, and the significant proportion of at-risk families without an affected child determine the necessity of combined molecular and biochemical (MVE assay) approaches for efficient prenatal diagnosis of CF in the former U.S.S.R.     

环境微生物降解有机磷农药研究进展

微生物降解是有机磷农药在环境中去毒降解的主要方式，该文从环境微生物筛选、降解基因的识别、降解酶的种类及其特性、微生物降解底物特异性及微生物降解效果的评价等5个方面，综述了近年来有机磷农药微生物降解方面的研究进展，展望了微生物降解有机磷农药的研究方向。     

细胞分裂素基因（T－cyt）在转基因烟草中的表达及其对生长发育的影响

将编码细胞分裂素合成关键酶──异戊烯基转移酶的Ｔ－ｃｙｔ基因分别置于ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子，ｒｂｃＳ启动子和Ｔ－ｃｙｔ基因自身启动子的调控下，构建成不同的嵌合质粒用于转化烟草，通过ＰＣＲ检测，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和ＮＰＴⅡ的酶活检测对获得的转基因烟草进行了鉴定．Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分析表明：ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子驱动下的Ｔ－ｃｙｔ基因在转基因烟草的根、茎、叶中均有ｍＲＮＡ的积累；ｒｂｃＳ启动子指导下Ｔ－ｃｙｔ基因在叶中转录较强，茎中次之，在根中几乎未表达．以根据抗原决定簇进行人工合成的复合抗原免疫家兔得到异戊烯基转移酶抗体，ＥＬＩＳＡ结果表明转基因烟草根中异戊烯基转移酶含量较高．Ｔ－ｃｙｔ基因的表达对转基因烟草的生长发育有明显影响：其叶绿素ａ、ｂ含量明显增加，叶衰老迟缓；顶端优势受到抑制，侧芽生长旺盛；与对照相比，其根系不发达．     

环境胁迫和乙烯对番茄PR-NP24基因表达的影响

根据已报道的番茄PR-NP24基因序列设计引物,经PCR克隆出长为477bp的番茄PR-NP24基因片段,以该片段制备探针,采用Northern杂交技术对该基因在番茄(WT)和乙烯反应突变体番茄(Nr,rin,T4B-11)中的表达进行了研究.杂交结果表明,该基因主要在果实和根部表达,伤害抑制WT、Nr番茄叶片中该基因的表达,而对rin番茄叶片无明显影响;干旱、淹水等环境胁迫和乙烯均能不同程度地诱导其表达,而在不同温度下,PR-NP24基因表达变化不大.图7参13