SF6气体绝缘设备的放电特性研究

采用间接边界元法,给出了层状半空间中沉积谷地对斜入射平面SV波的三维散射解答,并通过与已有结果的比较,验证了本文解答的正确性。进行数值计算,研究了斜入射角度对散射效应的影响,并以基岩上单一土层为例,讨论了基岩刚度和覆盖土层厚度对沉积谷地附近地表位移的影响。研究表明,三维散射与二维散射之间存在本质差别,不能简单地将斜入射平面SV波分解到沉积谷地横截面的面内方向,然后按平面问题进行计算;基岩与土层刚度比对沉积附近地表位移幅值有着较大的影响,但对位移幅值的空间分布影响不大;土层厚度变化不仅影响地表位移幅值的大小,还会改变地表位移幅值的空间分布。     

WATER CONSTRAINTS ON EMERGING ENERGY PRODUCTION1

ABSTRACT: A comprehensive nationwide recognizance-level assessment of water needs for energy development over the 1985 to 2000 time frame and options for overcoming any actual or potential water supply problems are summarized. Water requirements for energy production and other uses are totaled for each geographic region of the United States and compared with available stream flow to identify regions with potentially inadequate water supplies to meet expanding energy needs. Water quality impacts and water-related institutional factors affecting energy development are also considered. It is concluded that, if proper planning measures are not initiated, water demands for energy production will not be satisfied by the year 2000, particularly in those areas with known fossil energy resources. No unmanageable water quality problems are foreseen, and water-related institutional factors will primarily delay rather than exclud energy development.     

Air quality assessment for land disposal of industrial wastes

Air pollution from hazardous waste landfills and lagoons is largely unknown. Routine monitoring of toxic air contaminants associated with hazardous waste facilities is difficult and very costly. The method presented in this paper would be useful for air quality assessment in the absence of monitoring data. It may be used as a screening process to examine the question of whether or not volatilization is considered to be significant for a given contaminant and also to evaluate permit applications for new hazardous waste facilities concerning waste volatilization problems.     

ESTIMATION OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER FROM SECCHI DISK DEPTHS1

ABSTRACT: Optical information on a water body is often required when only Secchi disk depths are available. Many limnologists and water managers have attempted to estimate diffuse light attenuation in water from Secchi depth data assuming a simple inverse relationship. However, we show theoretically that the product of Secchi depth and the diffuse attenuation coefficient is markedly dependent on the reflectance coefficient (“brightness”) of water. Data from 28 New Zealand lakes of diverse optical character demonstrated this dependence over a wide range of reflectance (1.1 to 35.9 percent). Uncritical estimation of attenuation coefficients for diffuse light from Secchi depths, using the currently available simple inverse expressions, is discouraged because of the possibility of bias.     

复杂环境下具有轨道特征目标模型光散射特性研究

依据目标表面材料光谱反射率、等效光学常数色散曲线和双向反射分布函数（BRDF）及表面高度起伏均方根,建立了理论模型,计算分析了一种空间简单体组合模型在太阳、地球-大气系统背景影响下目标可见光散射特性随入射波长和轨道高度的变化关系。计算结果表明,散射体在相同轨道的条件下,表面材料的反射率越高,光散射强度越大;散射体材料相同时,散射体散射强度随着散射体轨道高度的增加而减小。     

滇池流域农村生活污水产排污系数研究

通过对滇池流域农村生活污水产、排污系数的调查、监测和研究,统计分析得出滇池流域农村生活污水产、排污系数,为滇池流域农村生活污染治理工作提供科学依据。     

基于DFT的二英脂-水分配系数QSPR研究

基于密度泛函理论,利用多氯二苯并对二(噁)英(PCDDs)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)几何构型全优化而得的量子化学和延伸计算参数:前线轨道能、熵、无迹四极矩、分子绝对硬度、电负性和亲电指数等,对两类化合物在(虹鳉)脂-水间的平衡分配性质进行了定量化模型研究,并由多元线性回归分析(MLR)建立了二次函数型的定量结构-性质相关关系(QSPR):lgKbw=5.343-0.001(S-125.480)2-0.355(ω-3.239)2 0.006(Qzz-2.950)2-22.728(η-2.365)2.结果表明,模型具有较高的拟合优度与稳健性,其决定系数和交叉验证相关系数分别为0.943和0.908,且模型的内外部预测性能理想,总体质量明显优于SOFA(solubility parameter for fate analysis)计算结果,可用于未知脂-水分配性质的预测; PCDD/Fs脂-水平衡分配(系数)主要与分子体积以及由电荷分布决定的芳烃分子间相互作用有关,也受潜在的生物转化和分子反应性的影响.     

基于生物光学模型的巢湖后向散射概率估算

后向散射概率是水面光谱的重要影响因素.利用2009年6月巢湖实测数据,基于生物光学模型在近红外波段的简化原理,通过2个近红外波段构建巢湖后向散射概率估算模型.结果表明,巢湖后向散射概率最大值为0.059,最小值为0.001 4,均值为0.023 6,巢湖西部后向散射概率总体上大于东部,并且西部的空间差异性要大干东部.此...     

共振散射光谱法测定部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的水解度

在1.0 mol/L醋酸介质中,部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)与次氯酸钠溶液作用生成疏水性的氯酸胺微粒,该微粒体系在480nm处产生强的共振散射峰。HPAM的酰胺基团浓度在1.12~56.0 mg/L范围内与480nm处共振散射光强度成线性关系,检出限为0.21 mg/L。研究了共存物质对共振散射光谱法测定HPAM酰胺基浓度的影响,该方法的选择性较好,应用于样品中HPAM水解度的测定,结果满意。     

上海市大气散射消光特征及其与颗粒物化学组成关系研究

为研究上海市大气颗粒物散射系数分布特征以及颗粒物化学组分贡献率,2009年用浊度仪对散射系数进行观测,同时采集PM2.5,分析其主要化学成分浓度.观测发现,秋、冬季散射系数较高,夏季最小.散射系数日变化有早、晚两个峰,午间出现低谷.散射系数与温度、风速有显著负相关性.多元回归得到OC、NO-3、NH+4是影响消光系数的主要化学成分.依据IMPROVE估算公式,将OC分为吸湿性和非吸湿性部分,并加入海盐影响,使估算bext值更接近监测值.OC、EC和硫酸铵盐为估算消光系数主要贡献成分.