Recovery Trajectories After In Situ Burning of an Oiled Wetland in Coastal Louisiana,USA

The high degree of physical disturbance associated with conventional response options to oil spills in wetlands is driving the investigation of alternative cleanup methodologies. In March 1995, a spill of gas condensate in a brackish marsh at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana was remediated through the use of in situ burning. An assessment of vegetation recovery was initiated in three treatment marshes: (1) oil-impacted and burned, (2) oil impacted and unburned, and (3) a nonoiled unburned reference. We compared percent cover, stem density, and biomass in the treatment marshes to define ecological recovery of the marsh vegetation and soil hydrocarbon content to determine the efficacy of in situ burning as a cleanup technique. Burning led to a rapid decrease in soil hydrocarbon concentrations in the impacted-and-burned marsh to background levels by the end of the first growing season. Although a management fire accidentally burned the oil-impacted-and-unburned and reference marshes in December 1995, stem density, live biomass, and total percent cover values in the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh were equivalent to those in the other treatment marshes after three years. In addition, plant community composition within the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh was similar to the codominant mix of the grasses Distichlis spicata (salt grass) and Spartina patens (wire grass) characteristic of the surrounding marsh after the same time period. Rapid recovery of the oil-impacted-and-unburned marsh was likely due to lower initial hydrocarbon exposure. Water levels inundating the soil surface of this grass-dominated marsh and the timing of the in situ burn early in the growing season were important factors contributing to the rapid recovery of this wetland. The results of this in situ burn evaluation support the conclusion that burning, under the proper conditions, can be relied upon as an effective cleanup response to hydrocarbon spills in herbaceous wetlands.     

溢油应急反应中的现场燃烧技术

介绍了溢油应急反应中的现场燃烧技术的形成、技术措施、所用设备设施以及实施现场燃烧时需要的注意事项     

不同收获与清林方式对杉木林养分的影响

对三代杉木林全株、全木和传统收获及传统和全木收获后火烧清理迹地林分营养元素变化进行了研究 ,结果表明 :杉木林采用全株收获和全木收获的营养元素损失量分别是传统收获的1 99倍和1 64倍 ;采伐剩余物火烧导致林地生态系统中N和P2O5 大量损失 ;采用传统收获及随后火烧清理采伐剩余物 ,N和P2O5 损失量比仅采用全株或全木收获的均高。若缩短轮伐期 ,则可能导致立地N和P2O5 的严重亏缺 ;全株或全木收获导致大量盐基离子移出林地 ,可能导致土壤较为严重的酸化趋势。     

中小型燃煤锅炉烟气除尘脱硫的分析

较详细地介绍了干式除尘器和湿式脱硫塔串联而成的干湿两级除尘脱硫系统和湿式除尘脱硫系统的特点，这两种系统对中小型燃煤锅炉烟气的净化效果明显     

用LCA方法评估城市“白色垃圾”的处置

对目前城市白色垃圾的 2种普遍处置方法———厌氧卫生填埋法和焚烧法进行了LCA分析评估 ,得出焚烧法可使环境负担相对较轻的结论。     

燃煤炉窖黑烟消除技术

阐述黑烟的危害性，黑烟产生的机理、被动消烟与主动消烟技术。加强挥发分和助燃空气的混合、提高燃烧室的温度、延长挥发分在燃烧室中的停留时间、保证足够量的助燃空气是主动消烟的四种基本手段。创造一个供风适量、混合均匀，有足够高的炉温和充分的炉内停留时间的合理燃烧工况，以达到消烟节能的目的。     

催化燃烧法处理沥青烟气的研究

在不同温度、不同沥青烟气与天然气混合比、不同催化剂的条件下，用燃烧法对沥青融化中产生的烟气进行处理，研究其最佳处理效果，降低沥青烟气排放浓度和烟气中有害物质浓度，解决沥青烟气严重污染环境的现状。     

燃煤电厂氟污染规律研究

长期饮用高氟水或摄取高氟食物会引起氟中毒症，本文以燃用高氟煤物的淮北电厂为例，通过对电厂氟污染源及其周围大气，地表水，地下水，灰场土壤和灰场农作物的监测，分析了电厂的氟迁移转化规律，研究了电厂的氟污染源对周围环境的影响，并提出了综合治理电厂氟污染的对策。     

室内空气污染概述

由于燃料燃烧、烹饪、人类活动、不合格建材和装饰材料的使用，房屋的密闭性结构等诸多因素，使室内空气污染远高于室外，从而严重地危害人们的健康，甚至导致多种疾病的发生。文章较全面地概述了室内空气污染的来源和类型，对人体的危害情况、目前的分析测试方法和标准样样品状况。     

考虑不同侵扰场景的高速公路韧性评估方法

为分析高速公路应对流量冲击和恶劣气象环境侵扰时的运行状态演变过程,基于韧性理论的系统解析,构建了考虑吸收能力、适应能力、恢复能力3个维度的韧性评估方法;设定重大节假日和恶劣天气2种侵扰场景,与常规场景进行对比分析,并选取滇西高原山区高速公路为实例进行验证。研究结果表明:恶劣天气降低了高速公路的总体韧性,韧性值较常规运行减少685%;重大节假日的流量冲击主要影响高速公路韧性的稳定性,其方差较常规运行增加92%;2种侵扰场景下的恢复能力波动均较大,而重大节假日时高速公路的吸收能力较强。