Heat map visualization of complex environmental and biomarker measurements

Over the past decade, the assessment of human systems interactions with the environment has permeated all phases of environmental and public health research. We are invoking lessons learned from the broad discipline of Systems Biology research that focuses primarily on molecular and cellular networks and adapting these concepts to Systems Exposure Science which focuses on interpreting the linkage from environmental measurements and biomonitoring to the expression of biological parameters. A primary tool of systems biology is the visualization of complex genomic and proteomic data using “heat maps” which are rectangular color coded arrays indicating the intensity (or amount) of the dependent variable. Heat maps are flexible in that both the x-axis and y-axis can be arranged to explore a particular hypothesis and allow a fast overview of data with a third quantitative dimension captured as different colors. We are now adapting these tools for interpreting cumulative and aggregate environmental exposure measurements as well as the results from human biomonitoring of biological media including blood, breath and urine. This article uses existing EPA measurements of environmental and biomarker concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to demonstrate the value of the heat map approach for hypothesis development and to link back to stochastic and mixed effects models that were originally used to assess study results.     

世纪之交土壤学研究的挑战和契机──从第16届世界土壤学大会看土壤学的未来

第１６届国际土壤学大会包括全会和４５个分会,内容涵盖土壤学所有分支并反映了本世纪土壤学的进展。本文综述了土壤学在全球资源与环境问题中的重要地位,分析了世纪之交土壤学面临的挑战和契机,提出土壤学只有拓展与其它学科以及社会的联系,服务于社会的可持续发展,保持自己的特色并在基础研究和应用研究中不断创新,才能在未来更好地生存和发展。     

中国21世纪的绿色科技

阐述绿色科技及其在中国可持续发展中意义的同时,详细分析了国内外绿色科技发展现状,并针对我国２１世纪面临的环境问题,着重分析了２１世纪我国环境保护事业对绿色科技的需求及我国２１世纪绿色科技的发展趋势。     

中国林业安全生产和安全科学技术发展现状和水平

从林业安全生产特点及其状况、林业安全管理和安全科学技术的发展、林业安全教育与培训等方面,简要论述了林业安全生产的特殊性,林业安全生产的现状和有关曲线图及分布图;我国林业系统当前安全管理体系、专业队伍情况;安全管理技术的研究、应用和进展;安全科学技术研究、应用情况;安全科学研究机构、学术理论及林业安全技术研究、运用状况以及林业安全教育体系、方式等问题。     

脆弱生态环境指标库的建立及其定量评价

吉林西部曾是一个水草丰富的地方.近30 a来,由于人口剧增和人类对自然资源的过量开发,导致该地区干旱缺水、土地盐碱化和沙化,制约了环境的持续发展.笔者兼顾多方面因素,建立了脆弱生态环境指标体系,确定了脆弱生态环境定量评价的工作流程,包括数据库的建立、脆弱生态环境评价单元的确定、评价因子及其权重的确定、评价方法的确定,最后借助地理信息系统(GIS)强大的输入、空间分析及制图功能,采用层次分析法和综合指数法进行了生态环境脆弱度定量评价与分区.      

基于Logistic回归模型的呼伦贝尔草原火险预测研究

目前国内外还没有对不同火险条件下草原火险时空发生概率的研究,而这方面研究对草原火灾管理对策和防火救助应急预案的制定具有重要意义.根据呼伦贝尔草原火灾统计月报表和相关气象、社会经济资料,利用Logistic回归模型建立草原火险预测模型,对草原火险进行了空间上的预测.结果表明,日平均风速、日降水量对草原火险影响较大. 以2005年所有火灾案例对草原火险预测模型进行检验,研究表明,该预测方法具有较高的可靠性,可为火灾管理和减灾决策的制定提供指导.     

宏基因组学分析深度处理阶段污水中细菌的赋存特征及其功能

为探究深度处理阶段污水中细菌的赋存特征及其功能,采集了污水深度处理阶段沿程各单元的进出水样品,并基于宏基因组学对污水中细菌的群落结构及功能进行了解析.结果表明,不同深度处理单元出水中细菌的多样性存在差异,臭氧接触池出水中细菌的多样性最低;相比夏季,冬季深度处理阶段污水中细菌的丰富度和多样性较低.不同季节深度处理阶段污水中的细菌群落结构变化较大,反硝化滤池出水中的细菌群落结构与其它样品存在较大差异;变形菌门（41.5%～71.0%）是深度处理阶段污水中的主要优势菌门,其次是拟杆菌门（3.8%～16.2%）;反硝化滤池出水中主要菌属有脱氯单胞菌（4.1%～7.4%）、弓形杆菌（3.0%～8.3%）和不动杆菌（2.3%～3.0%）.在深度处理阶段各工艺出水中共发现了29种与氮代谢有关的功能基因,并且在各工艺出水中均检测到了与反硝化有关的功能基因,如nosZ、napA、nirK和norB等,表明深度处理阶段污水中的细菌具有持续脱氮的潜力.糖苷转移酶和糖苷水解酶是深度处理阶段主要的碳水化合物活性酶,深度处理阶段污水中的细菌表现出了对多种有机物的降解潜力.     

关于电力大数据应用于大气污染防治的思考

对近两年来新兴的"电力大数据+环保监管"模式进行了深入思考。结合实际调研,总结了电力大数据在大气污染防治应用中需要注意的几个问题,为后续辽宁省研发"电力看环保"数字模型提供思路。     

火灾科学的发展前景

本文研究了火灾科学的发展前景，指出了火灾科学必然包括各种领域并列举了课题的分类，阐明了每一领域的研究都是防止火灾损失必不可少的。通过分析火灾科学近年来的工作，阐述了火灾研究的现状。大多数研究都是以最近的火灾为背景展开的，虽然其中许多侧重于基础研究，并未针对某一特定火灾。最后本文提出了火灾研究的将来需要。由于未来技术的发展和生活方式的改变有的难以预测，与之紧密相关的未来火灾也难以想象，因此，只能试从当前火灾研究去推测将来。本文认为将来的火灾研究课题大多数为基础研究，虽然它也或多或少与未来火灾有关系。并且预测随着新概念的引入，将来的火灾研究的数据和方法都活发生很大变化。     

Connectivity between countries established by landbirds and raptors migrating along the African–Eurasian flyway

The conservation of long-distance migratory birds requires coordination between the multiple countries connected by the movements of these species. The recent expansion of tracking studies is shedding new light on these movements, but much of this information is fragmented and inaccessible to conservation practitioners and policy makers. We synthesized current knowledge on the connectivity established between countries by landbirds and raptors migrating along the African–Eurasian flyway. We reviewed tracking studies to compile migration records for 1229 individual birds, from which we derived 544 migratory links, each link corresponding to a species’ connection between a breeding country in Europe and a nonbreeding country in sub-Saharan Africa. We used these migratory links to analyze trends in knowledge over time and spatial patterns of connectivity per country (across species), per species (across countries), and at the flyway scale (across all countries and all species). The number of tracking studies available increased steadily since 2010 (particularly for landbirds), but the coverage of existing tracking data was highly incomplete. An average of 7.5% of migratory landbird species and 14.6% of raptor species were tracked per country. More data existed from central and western European countries, and it was biased toward larger bodied species. We provide species- and country-level syntheses of the migratory links we identified from the reviewed studies, involving 123 populations of 43 species, migrating between 28 European and 43 African countries. Several countries (e.g., Spain, Poland, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo) are strategic priorities for future tracking studies to complement existing data, particularly on landbirds. Despite the limitations in existing tracking data, our data and results can inform discussions under 2 key policy instruments at the flyway scale: the African–Eurasian Migratory Landbirds Action Plan and the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia.