用贻贝、牡蛎作为生物指示物监测渤海近岸水体中的丁基锡污染物

用贻贝和牡蛎作为生物指示物研究渤海近岸水体中丁基锡的污染现状.结果表明,丁基锡检出率达100%.总丁基锡浓度在23.4ng Sn·g-1至 162.4ng Sn·g-1 范围内,平均浓度为64.8ng Sn·g-1.在丁基锡化合物中三丁基锡为主要的污染物,表明我国继续使用含有三丁基锡的船舶防污涂料.贻贝和牡蛎对丁基锡化合物具有相似的富集能力.海产品中丁基锡的污染对人们的健康存在潜在的影响.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in pinnipeds stranded along the southern California coast

Little to no information exists for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine mammals frequenting the highly urbanized southern California (USA) coast. Fourteen PBDE congeners were determined by GC-ECNI-MS in blubber of pinnipeds stranded locally between 1994 and 2006. Total PBDE concentrations (∑PBDE) in California sea lion (n = 63) ranged from 0.04 to 33.7 μg/g wet weight (mean: 5.24 μg/g). To our knowledge, these are the highest reported PBDE levels in marine mammals to date. By comparison, mean ∑PBDE in Pacific harbor seals (n = 9) and northern elephant seals (n = 16) were 0.96 and 0.09 μg/g, respectively. PBDEs in adult males were higher than for adult females, however, no age class differences or temporal trends were observed. As the first PBDE data reported for marine mammals in this region, the elevated levels underscore the need for additional studies on the sources, temporal trends, and potential effects of PBDEs in highly urbanized coastal zones.     

秦皇岛市水资源现状与可持续利用对策研究

随着社会经济的发展,水资源消耗日益增加,供需矛盾日益突出。秦皇岛市已面临水资源日益紧张的严峻形势,节流和开源,建立节水型社会体系,积极开发利用再生水、海水和雨水等非常规水源以及合理地配置和利用水资源,是实现秦皇岛市水资源可持续利用的有效措施。     

东海大气气溶胶的化学特征及来源

利用2006年11—12月、2007年2—3月、2008年5月和2008年6月在东海4个航次中采集的总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和Anderson分级样品,分析了其中可溶性无机离子的浓度,探讨了东海气溶胶中水溶性组分的化学特征、季节变化、粒径分布及来源.结果表明,气溶胶总水溶性离子的浓度为13.5～95.3μg·m-3,平均...     

南半球海洋大气气溶胶单颗粒的理化特性分析

运用透射电子显微镜-X射线能谱技术分析了中国第29次南极科考期间采集的大气气溶胶单颗粒样品,获得颗粒物的形貌特征、混合状态、成分组成及数量分布等信息.结果表明,航渡区域海洋上空的颗粒物主要表现为4类:海盐颗粒、矿物颗粒、富硫颗粒和含碳颗粒,其中海盐颗粒占主导,本研究将海盐颗粒又分为新鲜、部分老化及完全老化的海盐颗粒.部分和完全老化的海盐颗粒占海盐颗粒总数的86%,且部分老化的海盐颗粒表面及完全老化的海盐颗粒以长条状Na2SO4成分为主.同时,发现两处采样点(印度洋中东部和南极内陆)的样品中富硫颗粒较多,根据后向气团轨迹判断这些富硫颗粒主要来源于海洋地区,推测是由海洋表面浮游生物释放的二甲基硫(dimethyl sulfide,DMS)经过大气氧化形成.本研究表明,南半球海洋大气中海盐颗粒老化是由海洋表面释放的DMS控制,这不同于北半球海洋大气中人为源影响的海盐颗粒老化现象.     

城市尾水排海过程中微生物及主要致病菌扩散规律

城市污水处理厂产生的尾水中含有大量微生物尤其是致病菌,排海后不仅对周围人群产生危害而且对海洋生态安全构成威胁.本研究以青岛市麦岛污水处理厂为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,研究尾水排海过程中的微生物群落结构,分析尾水中致病菌在排海过程中的动态分布及季节变化规律.结果表明,尾水微生物分布在20~27个菌门,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),主要分布在44~65个纲,其中优势菌纲主要分布在变形菌门(Proteobacteria);尾水排海过程中的主要致病菌有55种,致病基因与癌症、心血管、免疫系统、传染性、新陈代谢、神经变性等疾病相关,其中,引起人类和动物腹泻、菌血症相关的弓形杆菌属(Arcobacter spp.)、引发院内感染的条件致病菌不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter spp.)及对海产品养殖和捕捞带来威胁的Shewanella hafniensis等占比例较大.     

河口潮流和水质数值模拟研究

河口与海岸环境中污染物质的稀释扩散，是环境流体力学研究的重要课题，同时也是城市污水排海工程建设的关键技术之一。该文采用沿水深积分的平面二维非定常流动数学模型，来计算污染物质降解影响的溶解物质输运扩散过程，并以长江口水域为例，对潮汐水流中溶解物质的稀释扩散过程，进行了细致的数值模拟。结果表明，潮型，排放量，污染物质的降解等，对污水排放口的远场水质有明显的影响。     

黄河三角洲浅海滩涂湿地环境污染对鸟类多样性的影响

1996-2001年对黄河三角洲浅海滩涂湿地环境质量。鸟类多样性进行了较为全面的调查监测与研究。评价了环境质量。分析了鸟类种群组成，区系组成，季节居留型及多样性特点，确定了鸟类多样性分布中心，研究了环境污染对鸟类多样性的影响，提出了保护鸟类多样性的对策建议。     

秦皇岛市沿岸海水浴场水质现状分析及污染防治对策

本文根据多年海水浴场监测数据，应用数理统计方法和污染指数法，对秦皇岛市沿岸海水浴场的水质进行了现状质量评价及趋势分析，对保持海水浴场的水质质量提出了相应的对策。     

The Impact of Sewage Discharge on the Macroalgae Community in the Yellow Sea Coastal Area Around Qingdao,China

The dynamics of macroalgal communities and the impact of sewage on their growth were studied in the tidal zone around Zhanqiao Pier of the Qingdao coastal area, in the northwest of the Yellow Sea, China, from September 2001 to September 2003. The tidal zone of the study area is divided into western and eastern sections by the Zhanqiao Pier. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater showed higher concentrations on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier than on the western side, because a sewer drains into the eastern side. The macroalgal communities on each side of the Pier showed an obvious difference due to the effect of this sewage discharge. A total of 47 macroalgal species including 10 greens, 11 browns and 26 reds was identified in this study. The species composition and biomass indicated higher values in the nutrient-rich area on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier compared with the nutrient-poor area on the western side of Zhanqiao Pier. Some ephemeral and filamentous species dominated seasonally on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier, in contrast to the western side where slow-growing species dominated throughout the year. Nutrient gradients and temperature were considered the main factors affecting the distribution of macroalgae communities in time and space. The results are consistent with the common observation that nutrient-poor areas are dominated by slow-growing rather than ephemeral algal species. Moreover, the species diversity in the whole study area had declined when compared to previous records.