广西合浦儒艮国家自然保护区海水环境质量变化趋势与评价

根据2001～2004年广西沿海渔业生态环境调查监测数据,对广西合浦儒艮国家级自然保护区水域海水环境质量变迁、综合指数地理分布及年际变化特点进行了较全面的分析研究与评价.监测结果表明儒艮保护区就控制为一类海水水质而言,海水处于受到污染的状态, Zn 、Cu、Pb是保护区海水中的主要污染因子,是重点监测、控制和治理的优先污染物.     

白铜B10和B30冲刷腐蚀对比研究

分别在3.5%NaCl水溶液、5%石英砂+自来水以及3.5%NaCl+5%石英砂3种介质中对白铜B10和B30进行冲刷腐蚀试验,用电化学方法和失重法评价了2种材料的冲刷腐蚀性能。结果表明,B30的耐腐蚀和耐冲刷性能均优于B10,冲刷试验中B10和B30在含砂介质中的失重远大于在纯液相中的失重。2者在纯液相中的冲刷性能良好,但对含砂介质的冲刷非常敏感。     

珠江三角洲海岸变迁及对城市可持续发展的影响

应用遥感技术,结合2003年野外实地调查,利用地理信息系统（GIS）将历史时期海岸线叠加处理,得出珠江三角洲最新岸线演变动态.论文回顾了历史时期珠江三角洲的发育演变,对珠江三角洲自1965至2003年38年间围垦土地增长速率和海岸线变化趋势作了定量分析和测算,认为珠江三角洲海岸演进呈越来越快的趋势,其中伶仃洋、磨刀门、黄茅海为海岸变迁的典型地段.以珠江口地区为重点对河口海岸演变的作用效应、人类活动特点及其引发的海岸环境地质问题、海平面上升对环境的叠加影响等进行了分析,论述了海岸异常变迁背景下,人类工程活动造成湿地破坏、水位壅高、航道淤积、污水滞留等不良环境地质问题.海平面上升造成珠江三角洲大片低地被淹没、风暴潮灾害加剧等,对城市可持续发展的形势影响巨大.     

广东近海水域重金属含量及其分布规律的研究

广东近海水域重金属含量由陆向海方向,随海水盐度、pH值升高及化学耗氧量降低而降低。重金属与环境要素相关的密切程度不仅取决于它们在水体中的迁移形态和化学性质,而且还受到环境理化要素变化的制约。各种重金属元素与水体中有机物的相关程度顺序为:Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr>Hg>As。对影响海水重金属含量及其变化规律的几个主要外界影响因素进行了讨论。     

渤海和黄海北部地区负积温资源的时空分布特征

论文以日平均气温≤-4℃的累积值和日数作为与海冰有关的气候指标,统计了渤海和黄海北部沿岸及其邻近地区52个气象站≤-4℃积温和日数的逐年资料,并根据52个气象站的气候指标值与经度、纬度、海拔高度的相关关系,建立空间分布方程,推算无资料海区中214个网格点的≤-4℃积温和日数,绘制渤海和黄海北部地区≤-4℃积温和日数分布图。研究结果表明:≤-4℃积温的空间分布呈现南北差异大、东西变化小的特征,-100℃等值线与渤海和黄海北部常年冰情分布范围大致相当;冰情较重的偏重低温年、严重低温年的≤-4℃积温保证率在黄海北部和辽东湾不超过40%,在渤海湾和莱州湾只有20%以下。     

大连湾海水环境质量状况分析

根据大连湾1997年11月水质调查资料，对该湾20世纪90年代末海域环境质量状况进行了分析，大连湾水域主要污染物为无机氮和活性磷酸盐，东部的环境质量好于西部，其中臭水厌附近有机污染及富营养化严重，环境质量日趋恶化。与90年代初相比，湾内部分水域无机氮及活性磷酸盐含量有所提高。应根据海域纳污能力，实际陆源污染物排海总量控制。     

Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in a South China coastal city

Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.     

两种低合金钢在深海环境下腐蚀行为规律研究

目的研究两种低合金钢材料在不同深度海水环境下的腐蚀行为规律。方法通过深海实海试验,研究10CrNi3MoV与E47两种船用低合金钢在1200、2000、3000 m深度海水环境下暴露0.5、2 a的腐蚀行为规律。借助于三维视频显微镜和XRD等技术,分别进行腐蚀形貌观察与腐蚀产物成分分析,结合腐蚀动力学数据,对比研究两者深海环境耐蚀性能的优劣。结果不同深度环境下,腐蚀产物分内外两层,锈层下表面形态相对平整,存在大量细小点蚀坑。随深度的增加,点蚀坑数量呈增加趋势。腐蚀初期,2000m腐蚀速率和点蚀深度最低,随暴露时间的推移,锈层中α-FeOOH的含量明显提升,腐蚀速率均呈下降趋势。结论10CrNi3MoV深海耐蚀性劣于E47,初期2000 m深海腐蚀性略差,深度增加有利于两者点蚀形核过程。随着时间的推移,锈层对基体具有一定的保护作用,点蚀纵深发展阻力增大。     

Alkaline phosphatase activity in the phosphorus-limited southern Chinese coastal waters

Three fractions of alkaline phosphatase activity(APA), including phytoplankton APA(phyto-APA), bacterial APA(bact-APA), and free-APA, were examined in the sea surface microlayer(SML) and the subsurface water(SSW) from Daya Bay, Guishan Island, and Guanghai Bay of southern China. Relationships between APA and environmental parameters were analyzed. The growth of phytoplankton was significantly limited by dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) in the three sea areas, especially in Daya Bay. TotalAPA ranged between 1.41 and 35.26 nmol/L/hr, and the highest value was found in Daya Bay. The increased APA in Daya Bay was the result of the increase of phytoplankton biomass and the response of phytoplankton to P limitation. Phyto-APA was the main contributor in Daya Bay, while phyto-and free-APA co-dominated in Guishan Island and Guanghai Bay. Bact-, phyto-, and total-APA showed a significant inverse power function relationship with DIP, and 0.2 μmol/L was the threshold for DIP on particulates and totalAPA. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that DIP limitation together with high N levels enhanced APA. High water temperature and freshwater input accelerated APA as well.Principal component analysis clearly separated samples from the three sea areas, as well as from the SML and the SSW, which indicated the differences in environmental parameters and APA levels. Our results highlight the influence of phosphorus limitation and environmental parameters on APA.     

长兴岛沿岸海域海冰融化水水质状况

在长兴岛北岸，采集平整冰、堆积冰和搁浅冰。作了26项水质分析，采用三种行业标准评价，结果表明全盐量、氯化物和硫酸盐指标不合格，平整冰全盐量按非盐碱地区标准评价超标7．7倍，按盐碱地区标准评价超标3．8倍。氯化物超标16．6倍，硫酸盐超标2．3芦。堆积冰全盐量按非盐碱地区标准评价超标6．7倍，按盐碱地区标准评价超标2．3倍。氯化物超标15．6倍，硫酸盐超标1．5倍。搁浅冰全盐量按非盐碱地区标准评价超标3．7倍，按盐碱地区标准评价超标1．8倍。氯化物超标10．4倍，硫酸盐超标1．4倍。其余23项合格。