海水脱硫技术在日照电厂一期工程中的应用

随着国家节能减排政策的落实,我国沿海地区的很多大型燃煤电厂将选择烟气海水脱硫技术来改善大气环境质量。介绍了烟气海水脱硫技术在山东日照电厂一期工程中的应用情况,并对海水脱硫技术应用中出现的一些问题提出了建议。     

基于性能的结构抗风设计理论框架

提出了基于性能的结构抗风设计理论框架,将风压强度划分为4个设计风压等级(弱风压、中风压、强风压及超强风压),将人体振动舒适度划分为6个等级(无振感、轻微振感、中等振感、烦恼、非常烦恼和无法忍受)、三种振动水平(与人的舒适感相关的振动水平、与人正常工作和操作有关的振动水平、与人的生理健康直接相关的振动水平)。结合不同类别建筑物的性能需求及人体振动舒适度的要求,将结构风振性能水准划分为4种状态(性能健康、性能亚健康、性能病态及性能丧失),将结构风振性能目标划分为5个等级(A、B、C、D、E)。提出了结构抗风概念设计与计算分析的一般原则,给出了结构性能抗风安全性评价及社会经济评价基本内容的建议。     

城市土地生态利用水平测度及障碍因子诊断

从土地代谢理念出发,构建了城市土地生态利用水平的测评指标体系。根据该指标体系,以"加权和与加权积的混合算法"和"因子障碍度测算"为模型基础,对浙江省11个地级市的土地生态利用水平进行了综合测评。研究结果表明:①浙江省11个市的土地生态利用水平存在明显的空间差异,整体上浙东北部较高,西南部偏低;②城市土地生态利用水平与城市经济社会发展相关,但并不意味经济社会越发达,城市土地生态利用水平就会越高;③土地污染物的高排放是影响浙江省城市土地生态利用的最大障碍因子,其中单位面积废水排放影响最大;④对城市土地生态利用水平的测度根本目的不在于区分排名的先后,而在于找到差距和改善的方向。通过因子障碍度检验,发现构建科学合理的障碍因子管理体系,大力发展循环经济和推行清洁生产,开展土地生态文明教育是提高城市土地生态利用水平的重要路径选择。     

Embeddedness of climate change adaptation: established procedures and contending discourses for flood protection in Espoo,Finland

Calls for more stakeholder participation and cooperation, the acknowledgement of uncertainties as well as for flexible and robust solutions have become frequent in the literature on climate change adaptation. Recent studies show that these calls are taken up only reluctantly in local adaptation compared to sectoral and technical solutions. The aim of this study is to examine to which extent adaptation as an embedded process within the local context allows for stakeholder participation, cooperation and the robustness and flexibility of adaptation measures. It applies an analytical approach, combining an action framework of adaptation and document-based discourse analysis, to assess both the procedural and the substantive viewpoint of an adaptation case in Finland. This twofold approach provides insight into how the adaptation process and content influence and condition each other. The analysis highlights how new approaches to adaptation have to compete with prevailing discourses and institutionalised practices, as public authorities take the dominant role in adaptation, striving for certain and safe solutions. This process has few participatory elements and leaves little leeway to address uncertainty.     

鄱阳湖表层水中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸污染现状调查

为阐明鄱阳湖表层水中全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的污染现状,于2011年4月7～9日采集鄱阳湖的表层水样30份和长江水样2份,采用超高效液相色谱－三重四极杆串联质谱/质谱法检测样品中PFOS和PFOA含量,探索鄱阳湖表层水中PFOS和PFOA的污染水平及空间分布特征。结果表明： PFOS和PFOA的浓度范围分别为未检出~071 ng/L和030 ~189 ng/L,均值分别为035 ng/L和110 ng/L。而位于长江的0号点水中PFOA和PFOS含量分别为1511 ng/L和081 ng/L。鄱阳湖表层水中的PFOS和PFOA在整体上都呈现南部高于北部的趋势,这可能是由鄱阳湖的水动力条件和其周边PFCs污染源分布不同所致。以上研究结果显示,鄱阳湖表层水中PFOS和PFOA处于较低的污染水平     

内蒙古县域经济发展水平时空差异研究

采用《省级主体功能区划分技术规程》中经济发展水平指标的计算方法,以内蒙古101个旗、县、区为研究对象,选取各地GDP产值和人均GDP数值,探讨2000-2004年和2005-2009年两个时段内蒙古县域经济发展变化状况.结果表明,内蒙古县域经济发展水平的时空差异十分显著,县域经济发展水平差距在逐渐扩大,各地区经济发展极不均衡,这种时空差异与内蒙古各县区的地理位置、经济基础、资源禀赋、发展策略、人力资源等紧密相关.     

Species- and tissue-specific accumulation of Dechlorane Plus in three terrestrial passerine bird species from the Pearl River Delta, South China

Little data is available on the bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in terrestrial organisms. Three terrestrial passerine bird species, light-vented bulbul, long-tailed shrike, and oriental magpie-robin, were collected from rural and urban sites in the Pearl River Delta to analyze for the presence of DP and its dechlorinated products in muscle and liver tissues. The relationships between trophic level and concentration and isomeric composition of DP in birds were also investigated based on stable nitrogen isotope analysis. DP levels had a wide range from 3.9 to 930 ng g⁻¹ lipid weight (lw) in muscle and from 7.0 to 1300 ng g⁻¹ lw in liver. Anti-Cl₁₁-DP and syn-Cl₁₁-DP, two dechlorinated products of DP, were also detected in bird samples with concentrations ranged between not detected (nd)-41 and nd-7.6 ng g⁻¹ lw, respectively. DP preferentially accumulated in liver rather than in muscle for all three bird species. Birds had significantly higher concentrations of DP in urban sites than in rural sites (mean, 300 vs 73 ng g⁻¹ lw). The fractions of anti-DP (f_anti) were higher in birds collected in rural sites than in urban sites. Significant positive correlation between DP levels and δ¹⁵N values but significant negative correlation between f_anti and δ¹⁵N values were found for birds in both urban and rural sites, indicating that trophic level of birds play an important role in determining DP level and isomeric profile.     

气动絮凝强化处理城镇污染河水

为减轻水体污染,缓解环境压力,对典型城镇污染河水进行气动絮凝实验研究。在设定的实验条件下,以某大学中水站格栅后生活污水稀释配制的水样来模拟典型城镇污染河水并作为实验研究对象,以无机高分子聚合物聚合氯化铁铝(PFAC)为絮凝剂,有机高分子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂。在此基础上,以浊度、COD、总磷和溶解氧为测定指标,采用连续流的方式进行一系列实验研究。实验结果显示:采用微孔曝气头进行曝气,当混合阶段充气量及絮凝池第一格、第二格充气量分别为1.778 m3空气/m3处理污水量、1.444 m3空气/m3处理污水量和0.622 m3空气/m3处理污水量时,城镇污染河水中污染物的去除效果最佳。其浊度、COD、TP的去除率可分别达93.6%、68.6%和73.5%。此外,在处理效果良好的前提下,沉淀池出水口出水溶解氧含量均能保持在2.29 mg/L左右。     

Degradation of cyprodinil,fludioxonil, cyfluthrin and pymetrozine on lettuce after different application methods

Degradation of two fungicides (cyprodinil and fludioxonil) and two insecticides (cyfluthrin and pymetrozine) applied on iceberg and romaine lettuce under field conditions with different methods (portable mistblower and chemigation) was studied field data showed that both distribution methods and lettuce cultivar affect the degradation trends of examined pesticides. In these trials the residues of all active ingredients after pre-harvest time were less than fifty's maximum residue levels; the values in the romaine cultivar were generally higher than those in iceberg lettuce. After pre-harvest time residues of pesticides applied on romaine lettuce by portable motor sprayer were always higher than those obtained by the chemigation system.     

Short‐Term Effects of Hydrogen Fluoride on Nicotiana tabacum L

Data on the short‐term effects of fumigation with hydrogen fluoride (HF) on the response behavior of the Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. St. Karabalar 6265 are being presented. Growth rate, fluoride accumulation in leaves and soils, and degradation in chlorophyll and nicotine contents of the plant species against the variations in two experimental factors, namely the exposure concentration and exposure time parameters, were investigated. Resulting data reveals that the variety selected for this study is not so tolerant to fluoride as generally reported in the literature, if only the individual effects of the pollutant is considered.