考虑地震力与静水压力的顺层岩质边坡弯曲破坏分析*

顺层岩质边坡是工程中较为常见的一种边坡类型,而弯曲破坏又是顺层岩质边坡中常见的破坏形式。当边坡上覆岩体具备下滑条件,岩体前缘下滑受阻,造成坡脚附近顺层岩板承受纵向压应力,加上地震力和静水压力的共同作用很容易发生弯曲变形直至弯曲破坏。基于弹塑性板稳定性理论,考虑岩体塑性和边坡长度的影响,并特别考虑地震力和静水压力的影响,建立了弯曲破坏段长度的计算公式和稳定系数指标。将建立的计算公式与现有分析方法进行对比,给出了两者的一致性和差异性。结合渝怀铁路2个工点的具体参数,代入公式并采用MATLAB进行计算,所得结果与现场实际调查情况相一致,并且分析了地震影响系数和岩板塑性参数的不同取值对计算结果的影响,验证了本文方法的可行性。     

斜坡软弱路基稳定性分析的修正瑞典条分法

斜坡软弱路基的滑塌形式与水平软弱路基相比,具有明显的易滑动性和非对称性.为了反映斜坡软弱路基与水平软弱路基失稳机理的区别,对两种路基形式进行离心机试验,证实了斜坡软弱路基的失稳的非对称性,因此在稳定性分析中要考虑势能差和非对称的影响.为了提高条分法在斜坡软弱路基稳定性计算的准确性,提出一种考虑不同倾斜角影响的修正瑞典条...     

基于平衡坡降原理的膏体尾矿堆积坡度测算方法

为准确测算尾矿膏体排放的堆积坡度,在已有研究的基础上,分析了膏体坡面明渠流动的自适应变化过程,提出膏体恒定均匀流动时的平衡坡降等同堆积坡度.研究平衡坡降状态下,明渠流动断面、临界流速以及阻力系数的确定方法,建立堆积坡度测算的基本流程和方法.以某铜矿为背景,测算不同质量分数及排放流量条件下膏体的堆积坡度,结果表明:流量一...     

Study of the water quality close to urban sewers in eastern Ligurian coast by means of bioluminescence tests and conventional analyses

Five municipal sewers with small flow rates (Manarola, Riomaggiore, Portovenere, Tellaro, Bocca di Magra) were studied using the Microtox^® test and a bacterial luminescence bioassay in order to evaluate the water quality in these areas of the eastern Ligurian coast. The work was performed including chemical analysis, microbiological and ecotoxicological assays. Analyses were carried out on both the effluents and the water body close to the pipe discharge. None of the measured chemical parameters exceeded the permitted limits, both in the effluents and in the seawater samples, even if some slightly critical situations were highlighted by the Microtox^® test on the effluents. On the other hand, the Microtox^® appeared to be less effective than another ecotoxicological assay based on the luminescent fraction of epibacteria for the evaluation of seawater quality. The good water quality of the considered areas was assessed although a slightly worse condition was encountered in Bocca di Magra.     

经济增长下的渤海环境容量预测

据1999,2002—2005年渤海活性磷酸盐、石油类、无机氮的水质监测资料。采用箱式模型。估算渤海及各分区现状下及不同经济增长率下的环境容量预测值。估算结果显示．分污染物来看,各年份均是无机氮较大,石油类次之．活性磷酸盐较小;分区域来看。各年份各污染物均是渤海中部较大,辽东湾、渤海湾次之,莱州湾最小;从时间变化来看。除活性磷酸盐外。石油类和无机氯自2002年到2004年逐年减小。假设渤海污染物排入量随着经济增长每年增加5％。以达到环境容量极限值需要的年数来看。自2005年。分别在7年、4年、17年后渤海的石油类、活性磷酸盐、无机氮将达不到一类水质标准,50年、19年、37年后超过四类水质下环境容量极限值;假设随着经济增长污染物排海量每年增长10％,那么自2005年起。29年、13年和22年后三种污染物将超过四类水质下环境容量极限值。     

次溴酸盐氧化法测定海水氨氮影响因素的探讨

测定海水中氨氮时,经常会出现曲线线性不好、空白值高等情况。文中通过对实验室环境、实验用水、器皿、试剂、操作过程等因素进行分析探讨,找出了实验出现问题的原因,并进行了校正。     

长江上游区的坡面土壤流失及侵蚀防治

长江上游区的嘉陵江流域、金沙江渡口至屏山河段流域、三峡库区及库周区,土壤坡面流失量都超过3000t/a·km~2,属长江上游流失严重之最,应列为首批治理重点区;三峡区长江主航道及近主航道支流两岸的重力侵蚀十分严重,给长江输入大量难以排除的砂石物质,应重点加强此区域的重力侵蚀防治。最后对此区的水土保持提出了6条意见。     

Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity in Brazilian Hot Spots

Hot spots in Brazil include a variety of ecosystems, such as mangroves, forests, and the Brazilian savannah, locally called cerrado. Some of the rural populations in these hot spots are the caiçaras in SE Atlantic Forest coast, and the caboclos in the Amazon. In this study, we are concerned especially with the knowledge of caiçaras and caboclos, associated with practices that might have implications for management. Data were gathered through interviews with adults at the various communities studied, and through systematic observations, including samples of fishing trips and the mapping of fishing spots used in the Atlantic Forest coast. The use of resources from the surrounding vegetation includes collection of plants, cultivated fruit gardens, the swidden system, and a careful and managed extraction of fibres. Among animal resources, food taboos seem to be useful practices that might contribute to the maintenance of local natural resources. Potential management practices should be locally developed, such as the informal division of fishing spots in Atlantic Forest sites, and the maintenance of the diversity of cassava varieties in both the Atlantic Forest and Amazonian areas.     

Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Determination of Toxic Metals in Sediments and Sea Water of Salerno Gulf

In this present work the distribution of heavy metals in sea water and sediments of the Salerno Gulf is measured. The elements determined were Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Hg, employing, as instrumental techniques, either differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). A comparison of the results of the two analytical techniques is also made. Mercury determination was carried out employing the cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS) technique, with SnCl₂ as the reducing agent. The sample digestion was performed by a new procedure using concentrated suprapure H₂SO₄–K₂Cr₂O₇ mixture. The accuracy and precision of the analytical procedure were evaluated employing Sea Water BCR-CRM 403 and Estuarine Sediment BCR-CRM 277 as reference materials. Accuracy, expressed as relative error e and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation s_r, were in order of 2 to 5%. For both matrices, the detection limits, for all the elements, were in the range g g_-1 to ng g_-1.     

Metal Concentrations in Fish Species from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea

Samples of Mugil cephalus and Mullus barbatus were collected in the Northeast Mediterranean coast of Turkey the contents of cadmium, copper, iron, zinc and lead in the liver, gill and muscle tissues were determined by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry.Except for lead, highest levels of each metal were found in the liver and this was followed by the gill and muscle in both species. Among the metals analyzed, Cu, Zn and Fe were the most abundant in the different tissues while Cd and Pb were the least abundant both in M. cephalus and M. barbatus. Seasonal changes in metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these seasonal variations may not influence consumption advisories. In general, the highest concentrations were detected for all metals in summer.