Application of ground-based Lidar for studies of the dynamics of ozone in a mountainous basin

A ground-based Differential Absorption Lidar was employed to study the dynamics of atmospheric O3 within the planetary boundary layer of a basin in the 'Fichtelgebirge' mountains, NE Bavaria. In particular, the night-time dynamics of O3 linked to the ground were investigated. The Lidar system measured vertical profiles of O3 up to 1 km above ground. For detailed analysis of the night-time dynamics of ozone, supplementary data from three ground-based stations (measuring mixing ratios of O3 and NO(x), as well as meteorological parameters) are essential. The Lidar results could be evaluated with these data from various altitudes above the basin floor. For the station with the largest (vertical) distance to the ground-based Lidar, the agreement was very good at all times. The Lidar method proved to be useful for examining the spatial distribution of O3. The observed night-time decrease of O3 at the bottom of the basin was due to deposition and to advection of air masses containing less O3 from the mountain slopes.     

Gas screening effect caused by steam curtains

Steam curtain equipment is used to prevent leaking flammable gases from reaching ignition sources, such as furnaces. However, steam curtains are sometimes designed badly and are ineffective for preventing the leaking gas from spreading in the windward direction. The leaked gas may pass on either side of the stream curtain, it may pass between the nozzles, or it may pass on the upper side of the stream curtain. At present, data to design the best stream curtains are quite rare. It is necessary to obtain fundamental data on the entrainment of air by steam jet and on the inclination of the steam curtain caused by the strong wind. Therefore, a series of experiments to investigate the entrained air and the inclination of the steam curtain were performed, in addition to further theoretical considerations. Thus, fundamental data useful for the design of the steam curtain equipment have been obtained.     

含大规模风电电网综合安全评估模型研究

基于多层次模糊综合评价方法提出了一种含大规模风电电网综合安全评估模型。首先研究了多层次模糊综合评价方法,在充分分析大规模风电注入功率对电网的影响后,综合考虑风电送出水平、电网静态安全性、暂态稳定性和运行经济性多个指标建立大规模风电注入功率对电网影响的评估模型;最后以甘肃酒泉大规模风电基地为实例,仿真分析大规模风电注入对电网的影响,提出适应该风电基地的模糊评价指标、隶属度函数和评语集,对大规模风电注入功率对电网影响的评估模型计算求解,量化评估该风电送出方案,验证了所提出的评估方法的可行性和有效性。     

北京地区近35年大气污染扩散条件变化

本文使用NCEP(National Center for Environmental Prediction)再分析月平均数据(2.5°×2.5°)、1980~2015年北京地区(54511站点)的探空数据及温、压、湿、风、降水数据,分析了近35年来北京地区大气污染扩散条件的变化.主要结论有:1980~2015年,大气不断增温,1990年以后逆温明显,大气较为稳定,冷空气到达北京上空后对下层的影响减弱,3级以上偏北风频率减少,近地层辐合.同时,2000年以后中高层下沉运动位置不断下压,低层上升运动加强,低层上升运动被限制在边界层以内,这样会导致垂直扩散条件转差.1980~1989年大气容量指数较为稳定,1990~1999年大气容量指数出现波动,而2000~2015年大气容量指数呈现明显减小的趋势.总体来看,近35年大气自身的容纳能力呈现一个平缓的下降趋势.1980~1989年春季和冬季大气容量指数较大,1990~1999年春季和夏季大气容量指数较大,但是2000年以后,无论哪个季节,大气自身的容纳能力都是在减弱的,季节性差异变小.边界层高度在这30多年来都是春季和夏季较高,秋季和冬季明显降低.     

风速对高层建筑火灾时环境中烟气分布的影响

为了探究风速对高层建筑火灾时环境中温度、烟气浓度、CO浓度分布状态的影响,以央视北配楼火灾为模型背景,应用火灾动力学软件FDS,对火灾进行模拟与分析。通过讨论不同风速下火源温度中心、烟气浓度中心、CO浓度中心离着火面距离与高度之间的关系,得到风速一定时各中心的位置与高度之间的变化规律,以及该变化规律与风速之间的关系,风速小于3m/s时各中心位置随风速变化较明显;风速越大,温度、烟气浓度、CO浓度越高,当风速小于2m/s时各值增量随风速增加明显;与其他因素相比,温度对防火间距的影响最大。     

减振控制技术在林木风灾中的应用展望

减振控制技术在土木工程领域的应用相当广泛,是一种理论和实践上都比较成熟的技术。风灾对建筑的破坏作用相当巨大,林木(尤其是千年珍贵古树)也不可避免地会受到风灾的严重威胁。分析了当前减振控制技术在林木风灾中的实际应用较少、使用范围不广的原因,进而提出了林木风致振动及林木抗风减振的概念,并对其作了较为全面的阐述,展望了林木抗风减振技术在林业中的应用前景,指出了建立基于随机振动理论的林木抗风减振控制系统的可行性。研究内容及方法是对森林保护学科的完善与发展,是在林木风灾保护方法和措施方面开辟的另一条重要途径。     

A coordinated control strategy using supercapacitor energy storage and series dynamic resistor for enhancement of fault ride-through of doubly fed induction generator

Power fluctuation and fault-related complication are the two major issues for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The occurrence of fault leads to the rotor over current, stator over current, and DC-link overvoltage as well. These uncertainties may damage the rotor circuit, converter circuit and force the disconnection of wind system from the grid. To get rid of these issues, a supercapacitor energy storage element along with a passive series dynamic resistor (SDR) is suggested in this paper. Supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) is located across the DC-link, which able to handle the power fluctuation and the SDR is placed in rotor circuit, which will reduce the overcurrent possibility. Simulation is carried for a DFIG-based WECS for three phase to ground fault and two phase to ground fault. During symmetrical fault as well as asymmetrical fault, various operational disorders appeared such as rotor overcurrent, stator overcurrent and DC-Link overvoltage are found to be within their permissible limits. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed strategy over the conventional vector control scheme and SCESS as well.     

Best location of the small wind turbine around a single high-rise building

This research is a three-dimensional investigation about the aerodynamic interaction between the wind flow and a single high-rise building. In order to find location(s) with high potential of velocity around the building, a wide variety of wind speeds ranging from 2 to 10 m/s is studied. On the other hand, a high-rise building with the ratio of height to width of H/W = 3 is considered. Computations are performed numerically by means of the finite volume approach. Several results are obtained in the present numerical study. For example, it is found that due to wind-structure vertical interaction, locations with enhanced velocities are developed on the building roof in which the rate of this enhancement increases with increasing the wind speed. In addition, over the building, “lines C and D” are realized as the best locations having high power potentials and low turbulence intensities. In addition, lateral wind-structure interaction revealed that for all wind speeds, location of L/W = 0.5 is the best for the small wind turbine installation.     

矩形风管局部构件与直管段气溶胶粒子沉降速度比较分析

气溶胶是影响室内空气质量的重要因素之一,室外的气溶胶粒子通过风管系统进入室内,严重危害人们的健康.本文用滑石粉模拟气溶胶粒子,对矩形风管系统(材料为镀锌钢板)的直管段、渐缩段和风阀等3个位置,测定了气溶胶粒子在不同风速和粒径下的表面沉降速度,分析了它们之间的关系.结果表明,风管断面的沉降速度随风速和粒径的增加而增加;同一风管断面上底面的沉降速度最大,侧壁面次之,顶面最小;渐缩段底面、侧壁面和顶面的沉降速度均比直管段大,风阀断面的沉降速度明显高于直管段.研究表明,风管系统底面及局部构件是积尘的主要部位,也是风管系统清洗的重点.     

风力发电机振动与噪声测试及其减噪方法研究

本文简要介绍了风力发电机的结构和工作原理,以及风力发电机振动和噪声的危害。根据发电机振动与噪声的发生机理和产生规律,本文制定相应实验方案对其进行测试,得出风力发电机的振动与噪声主要是风机的机械振动与空气动力学（旋转噪声和涡流）噪声,进而提出了降低风力发电机振动与噪声的方法为主动控制（风轮平衡与阻尼减振降噪控制）及被动控制（吸声）,为研究开发低噪声风力发电机提供理论基础。