草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用技术分析研究

中段废水是制浆造纸工业的主要污染源之一,从工程设计的角度出发,对草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用提出一套可行适用的工艺方案;对主要工艺环节参数、设备备有说明,以供同行借鉴.     

Economics and Land-Use Change in Prioritizing Private Land Conservation

Abstract:  Incentive-based strategies such as conservation easements and short-term management agreements are popular tools for conserving biodiversity on private lands. Billions of dollars are spent by government and private conservation organizations to support land conservation. Although much of conservation biology focuses on reserve design, these methods are often ineffective at optimizing the protection of biological benefits for conservation programs. Our review of the recent literature on protected-area planning identifies some of the reasons why. We analyzed the site-selection process according to three important components: biological benefits, land costs, and likelihood of land-use change. We compared our benefit-loss-cost targeting approach with more conventional strategies that omit or inadequately address either land costs or likelihood of land-use change. Our proposed strategy aims to minimize the expected loss in biological benefit due to future land-use conversion while considering the full or partial costs of land acquisition. The implicit positive correlation between the likelihood of land-use conversion and cost of land protection means high-vulnerability sites with suitable land quality are typically more expensive than low-vulnerability sites with poor land quality. Therefore, land-use change and land costs need to be addressed jointly to improve spatial targeting strategies for land conservation. This approach can be extended effectively to land trusts and other institutions implementing conservation programs.     

Evaluating time to maximum rate (TMR) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of self-polymerizing vinyl acetate monomer

Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is widely used as a chemical intermediate producing a variety of copolymer products. Besides, VAM has the tendency to readily decompose into free radicals and ions that initiates the self-sustaining polymerization reaction. The non-isothermal experiments of VAM were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the calculations of the kinetic parameters from temperature-programmed DSC curves have been evaluated by the isoconversional method. The thermal analysis of VAM was proceeded using the advanced thermal analysis software (AKTS) to figure out the time to maximum rate (TMR) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for a proactive safety design of VAM. Subsequently, the kinetic model is used to predict the potential thermal runaway in the VAM-PVAc polymerizing process.     

南泉河污染现状及建设人工湿地治理污染的探讨

通过对南泉河污染现状的监测和调查分析,同时基于国家南水北调东线工程治污规划的要求,提出了建设人工湿地治理南泉河污染的方案。对治理方案的可行性、治理方案内容、产生的效益进行了分析。     

石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水工艺设计

采用石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水,工程运行结果表明,出水能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中一级排放标准,该工艺具有投资少,占地面积小,便于管理的优点。     

“矿井通风与安全”课程教学实践与探讨

针对“矿井通风与安全”内容多、范围广、理论性和实践性很强等特点,结合笔者教学实践,从注重教学内容的精选、注重案例分析、注重知识的延伸、注重课程设计环节以及注重教学方法等5个方面出发,探讨如何提高学生对该课程的学习主动性和积极性,增强学习效果的问题。     

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF INTERBASIN TUNNEL SYSTEMS1

Interbasin water transfer is often accomplished by tunnel systems discharging the water from subreservoirs into a main reservoir. Such a system involving an arbitrary number of reservoirs is considered and an iterative method is developed for the determination of all tunnel sizes giving minimum total cost of the system when the individual discharges from the subreservoirs and elevations of the water surfaces of all reservoirs are known. It is assumed that all tunnels are flowing full. Influence of average construction cost per unit volume as well as tunnel roughness and cross-sectional shape is taken into consideration. The corresponding computer program for the general case is presented. The method may also be adapted to pipe systems, open channel systems, or combined systems by introduction of the proper cost functions for these conduits.     

多层圆管夹芯结构的装甲车底板防爆设计

为提高轮式装甲车防护地雷的能力,寻找能够实现最佳防护效果的装甲结构形式,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件平台,对不同的装甲结构在爆炸载荷作用下的响应进行仿真计算。首先探究多层圆管排列方式对冲击吸能的影响,得出密排圆管结构的抗冲击能力强于齐排和交叉排列的方式。然后在爆炸载荷下对由双层密排圆管组成的夹芯层防护结构进行数值计算,并对比试验结果,验证了所建立计算模型数值模拟结果的有效性。最后由数值计算结果确定了最佳的防护结构。数值模拟和试验结果表明,防护结构的面密度增大,防护效果明显改善;相同面密度的防护结构中圆管的直径越大,圆管的压缩行程越大,防护效果越好。     

诺氟沙星吸附剂生物炭-壳聚糖复合微球的制备优化

为了提高生物炭-壳聚糖复合微球对NOR（诺氟沙星）的吸附能力,以复合微球对NOR的吸附量为指标,考察了生物炭与壳聚糖质量比、壳聚糖脱乙酰度、戊二醛用量、交联时间、交联速率及生物炭热解温度对复合微球吸附NOR的影响,并由均匀试验确定复合微球的最佳制备条件.结果表明,生物炭与壳聚糖质量比、壳聚糖脱乙酰度、戊二醛用量、交联时间、交联速率及生物炭热解温度对复合微球吸附NOR具有明显影响.制备复合微球的关键影响因素是生物炭热解温度、戊二醛用量和交联速率.吸附NOR的复合微球最佳制备条件:生物炭热解温度为300℃、生物炭与壳聚糖质量比为5:1、壳聚糖脱乙酰度为77%、戊二醛用量为80 mL、交联速率为150 r/min、交联时间为3 h.此时,复合微球对NOR的吸附量为9.51 mg/g,且具有较高的耐酸溶性和机械强度.研究显示,复合微球能够高效吸附NOR,并且吸附后容易分离,具有修复水体污染的潜力.      

一种橡胶密封圈的剩余贮存寿命评估方法

目的评估已随武器装备贮存一段时间后的旧橡胶密封圈的剩余贮存寿命。方法利用旧橡胶密封圈在加速老化试验中实际产生的压缩永久变形,外推其在贮存温下的老化动力学方程,进而以失效临界值为输入,计算橡胶密封圈的剩余贮存寿命。结果建立了面向旧橡胶密封圈的剩余贮存寿命评估方法。结论该方法适用于旧橡胶密封圈的剩余贮存寿命评估。