汞矿区大气汞的流通量与汞干湿沉降研究

应用ＦｌｕｘＣｈａｍｂｅｒ技术评价汞矿,矿渣及附近土壤表面汞的流通量,表明,土壤表面汞的流通量平均为１７３．５ｎｇ．ｈ＾－１．ｍ＾－２,矿均为２３６．６ｎｇ．ｈ＾－１．ｍ＾－２,原矿平均为７０ｎｇ．ｈ＾－１．ｍ＾－２。     

Land-Use Change and Carbon Flux Between 1970s and 1990s in Central Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

6 tons C were released to the atmosphere during the period of time covered by our study, equal to approximately 34% of the 1975 vegetation C pool. The Chiapas highlands, while comprising just 0.3% of Mexico's surface area, contributed 3% of the net national C emissions.     

三峡水库支流回水区营养状态季节变化

三峡水库成库后,对三峡水库13条主要支流回水区有机物、营养盐、生物量含量季节变化进行了初步研究.结果表明,支流高锰酸盐指数、化学耗氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH⁺₄-N）、总磷（TP）、叶绿素a（Chl-a）含量季节间差异较大.高锰酸盐指数范围为0.20～9.61　mg·L^-1,COD含量范围4.58～42.0　mg·L^-1,TN含量范围为0.601～10.1　mg·L^-1,NH⁺₄-N含量范围0.044～6.82　mg·L^-1,TP含量范围为0.011～0.756　mg·L^-1,Chl-a值范围为2.0～161　mg·m^-3.支流回水区受到不同程度污染,水体中N含量丰富,部分支流富营养化的限制因子为P.双因子方差分析表明,营养因子在时间、空间分布上均有不同程度差异.回水区Chl-a含量高于上游区,季节分布有丰水期>平水期>枯水期.Chl-a与COD、高锰酸盐指数、TN、TP呈显著正相关关系.利用综合营养状态指数法评价了回水区富营养化程度,综合营养指数范围在35～72,所有支流达到中营养以上水平,不同季节营养状态表现为丰水期>平水期>枯水期.支流回水区富营养化程度较成库前严重,该区域水体富营养化应引起重视.     

膜序批式间歇反应器的膜污染特性及控制

采取厌-好氧交替运行、实验室人工配水的方式,连续运行300 d,研究膜序批式间歇反应器运行过程的膜污染特性及其控制.结果表明,在运行初期的75 d内,污泥处于絮体状,SVI值64.6～110.6 　mL·g^-1,膜污染呈快速指数增长趋势,TMP平均增长速率为0.309　kPa·d^-1,膜阻力变化在0.393×10¹¹～1.298×10¹¹ m^-1·d^-1之间,比膜通量从4.4 　L·(m²·h·kPa)^-1下降为0.52 　L·(m²·h·kPa)^-1,75　d时的临界膜通量为20 　L·(m²·h)^-1.从75～120　d对系统进行了调控,反应器培养出好氧颗粒污泥,SVI值逐渐下降,从170　d开始,SVI一直保持在40 　mL·g^-1左右,污泥粒径逐渐增大,220　d时污泥粒径分布大多在500～1 000　μm.120～300　d运行过程中的膜污染呈缓慢增长趋势,TMP平均增长率仅为0.062 　kPa·d^-1,膜阻力变化率在0.291×10¹¹～0.404×10¹¹m^-1·d^-1,比膜通量从4.4 　L·(m²·h·kPa)^-1下降为1.4 　L·(m²·h·kPa)^-1,220 d时的临界膜通量为40 　L·(m²·h)^-1.这些数据表明好氧颗粒污泥的培养对减缓膜污染发生具有极大作用.曝气强度为100 m³·(m²·h)^-1时,比膜通量最大,曝气强度为69 m³·(m²·h)^-1时,膜污染速率最小.     

甲烷排放通量及上海市排放量估算

本文介绍了甲烷主要人为排放源及各排放源的排放通量,甲烷在大气中的浓度及对温室效应的贡献,估算了上海市各人为排放源的甲烷排放通量。     

横向流超滤膜污染动力学模型

从超滤过程中面滤饼层内对流传输、反向传输和颗粒积累的质量平衡关系出发，建立了描述渗透通量随时间变化关系的横向流超滤膜污染动力学模型，该模型将通常难以确定的滤饼层比阻和反向扩散系数包含在两个经验参数a,b中，通过简单的实验确定参数值后，即可用于横向流超滤过程的数学模拟，模拟计算结果与实验实测数据比较接近，且从理论上说明了横向流超滤从非平衡到最终平衡过渡的原理以及半透膜压，膜面剪切率对渗透通量的影响。     

直接接触式膜蒸馏浓缩处理高浓度发酵废液效能

采用直接接触式膜蒸馏工艺(DCMD)浓缩处理高浓度发酵废液,在热侧温度65℃、冷侧温度30℃条件下,连续运行21 h,考察了浓缩过程中产水通量、产水侧COD和TOC浓度变化及蛋白质浓缩效果.结果表明,产水通量随运行时间延长而下降且降速较快,15 h内由17.1 kg/(m2·h)降至8.9 kg/(m2·h);经去离子水冲洗,产水通量可恢复至56.1%.产水中COD和TOC浓度随处理时间延长而不断增大.此外,原水与膜蒸馏出水中GC-MS分析结果也表明,随运行时间延长,原水中有更多种类的有机物进入产水侧,主要为挥发性有机物.对膜内表面进行扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)分析发现,膜内表面有块状沉积物出现,主要成分为有机物,含有少量的无机物.DCMD运行21 h后,废液体积浓缩8.3倍,有用组分蛋白质浓缩6.9倍,COD和TOC的去除率均达95%以上.     

诗词的旅游效应及相关旅游产品开发--兼论皖南贵池李白诗词旅游开发

中国古典诗词是中国传统文化的精髓之一,诗词作品及其作者是旅游区重要的旅游资源,能形成区域旅游竞争优势.诗词作品对旅游者能产生重要的导向作用,以诗词为旅游主线的旅游活动因为其较强的文化性越来越受到文化旅游者的欢迎.以皖南贵池为案例地,对贵池旅游区区内李白诗词旅游产品和线路等进行了分析和规划.     

Distributions,Land-source Input and Atmospheric Fluxes of Methane in Jiaozhou Bay

CH₄ concentrations in both the surface and bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay were determined during four surveys in 2003, which showed variability with both seasons and tidal cycles. Atmospheric fluxes of CH₄ in Jiaozhou Bay showed obvious seasonal and spatial variations, with the highest values occurring in summer and the lowest in winter. The annual emission of CH₄ from Jiaozhou Bay was estimated to be . CH₄ in the water column of Jiaozhou Bay was found to come from several land-sources including riverine water input, sewage water input and groundwater input. The spatial and temporal variation in distributions and atmospheric fluxes of CH₄ in Jiaozhou Bay was influenced mainly by the input of polluted river waters and the sewage effluents along the eastern coast, which highlights the effects of human impacts on CH₄ emission rates.     

A model on the carbon cycling in Lake Taihu, China

A model of the carbon cycling in Lake Taihu was developed based on the previous developed model EcoTaihu Model, which couples the hydrology, the nutrient cycling and a number of biological processes. The carbon cycling model (abbreviated CCM) has in addition to the states variables of the EcoTaihu Model, the carbon in phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, macroplant, hydrogen carbonate carbon, carbonate carbon, dissolved carbon, abiotic organic carbon in water, organic carbon in sediment, soluble organic carbon in pore water, inorganic carbon in sediments, soluble inorganic carbon in pore water and pH. The calibration and validation of the CCM showed that the model results are in good accordance with the observations (from the period February17 to December. 5, 2003). It implies that the model can be used to assess the variation of the carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface, and to find the pH value of the lake water as function of time. According to the model, the carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface has clear, diurnal variations. Eutrophied water is a sink for the atmospheric carbon dioxide due to the phytosynthesis during the summer. Due to the terrestrial input of carbon to the lake, Lake Taihu is, however, a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The total annual flux is almost equal to the terrestrial input of carbon to the lake.