Effects of warming on leaf non-structural carbohydrates and carbon and nitrogen isotopes of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings during different seasons北大核心CSCD

To reveal the response of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in plant leaves to global warming, we conducted soil warming experiments in the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of China. We designed two treatments: control (CT) and warming (W; cable heating, +4 ℃). Heating cables were installed 20 cm from each other at a depth of 10 cm and were heated in March 2016. In this study, Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings were used to analyze seasonal changes in leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that (1) warming significantly reduced the soluble sugar, starch, and NSC content of leaves in spring but without any significant difference during other seasons. (2) Leaf δ13C increased significantly in spring and winter after warming, whereas leaf δ15N did not change significantly. (3) No significant correlation was observed between leaf δ13C, δ15N, or NSC content during the warming treatment, but a negative correlation was observed between leaf δ15N, δ13C, and sugar to starch ratio. A positive correlation between leaf δ15N and starch content was identified. In summary, when temperature increases, plants adjust the NSC content during different seasons for osmotic regulation, change the characteristics of the nutrient cycle, and alter the plant water and nutrient use strategies to maintain plant growth. In the future, we should further study the seasonal variation characteristics of NSC content and isotopes and the relationship between NSC content and the carbon and nitrogen cycles in plants under the context of long-term warming. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

喀斯特城市湖库pCO2及CO2通量空间格局研究

为探索典型喀斯特城市湖库二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）及其交换通量（F）空间格局,以我国贵阳市阿哈湖水库（AHa）、松柏山水库（SBS）、百花湖（BHH）和红枫湖（HFH）为对象,探索了区域气象水文基础数据、碳酸盐平衡参数及环境因子,进而评估表层水体pCO₂及其F空间变化.结果表明,受原位新陈代谢和水文调节,AHa的pCO₂为（861.6±462.8）μatm,显著高于SBS （223.6±213.1）μatm、BHH （139.3±63.6）μatm和HFH （126.2±50.9）μatm （P<0.05）,且各湖库水-气界面二氧化碳（CO₂）交换速率（k值）在（2.05~3.82） cm/h范围内.AHa的F值为（6.23±9.59） mmol/（m²·d）,具有向大气排放CO₂的潜力;SBS、BHH和HFH的F值分别为（-5.86±5.25） mmol/（m²×d）、（-8.63±1.03） mmol/（m²·d）和（-7.58±1.10） mmol/（m²·d）,表现为大气CO₂汇.湖库表层水体pCO₂与环境因子叶绿素a （Chla）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）具有显著相关性（P<0.05）,说明喀斯特湖库碳酸盐耦合光合作用和人为输入极大影响了水体CO₂量级.     

Evidence of temperature-controlled dissolved inorganic nitrogen distribution in a shallow lake

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems as an available source of nitrogen (N). Despite recent advances in our understanding of the effects of climate change on DIN in coastal waters, shallow high-latitude lakes exposed to large seasonal temperature differences have received limited research attention. Therefore, in the present study, Baiyangdian Lake (BYDL) was selected as the study area, as a typical high latitude shallow lake in North China. Based on water and sediment samples collected in spring, summer and winter seasons, DIN accumulation in sedimentary pore water and DIN diffusion fluxes at the sediment-water interface were quantified under different temperature conditions. Correlation analysis was used to establish the effects of temperature on DIN concentration and diffusion in different media. Results show that the diffusion of DIN at the lake sediment-water interface exhibited a strongly positive relationship with temperature, suggesting that high temperature conditions lead to greater DIN release from sediments. Cold temperatures cause DIN accumulation in sedimentary pore water, providing sufficient substrate for N-related bacteria in the sediment under cold temperature conditions. Temperature controls the vertical distribution of DIN by affecting its migratory diffusion and transformation at the sediment-water interface. These findings are valuable for understanding the impact of climate change on the distribution of N in inland shallow lakes, especially in high latitude shallow lakes subjected to large seasonal temperature differences throughout the year.     

The Chemical Composition and Flow of the River Lea, Spain

Weekly measurements of chemical composition were made at four sampling sites on the Lea River (Spain) between July 1985 and August 1986. at two stations there were gauging-weirs for stream discharge monitoring. Conductivity, pH, alkalinity, silicon, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonia, nitrate, sulphate, chloride, reactive phosphate, and total phosphate, were recorded in each site.

Results were analysed using multiple regression techniques to study the relationship between flow and chemical components.

Conductivity, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and sulphate were strongly related to flow, decreasing in concentration with increased flow. Ammonia, potassium, reactive phosphate and total phosphate varied most widely, with peaks at times of heavy rainfall. Nitrate increased at times of high discharge, with little variation between sampling points. Silicon decreased in summer and autumn in the lower catchment area whilst chloride and sodium were higher in the lower catchment of the River Lea.     

Diffusion test of 20 kinds of waste molten slags and competitive materials

“Waste molten slag” is a glass-like material produced by the vitrification of solid waste or solid waste incineration residue. When using slags of this kind in a natural environment, their impact is anticipated to be at the same level as competitive or substituted materials. In this study, we made comparative evaluations between waste molten slags and competitive materials, using 20 samples in total. It was proved that release fluxes of metals from molten slags of municipal solid waste were almost at the same level as competitive or substituted materials. However, a larger impact will be caused from some types of slag that contain harmful metals in high concentrations, such as the slag from shredded automobile residues. The results of release flux showed that nearly 80% of the slope of the flux did not fit with the diffusion range. However, the linearity of every flux was extremely high, regardless of the slope.     

Hormonal response to conspecific chemical signals as an indicator of seasonal reproduction dynamics in the desert hamster, Phodopus roborovskii

Changes in male blood plasma testosterone and cortisol in response to exposure to scent marks (urine and midventral gland secretion, MVGS) of conspecific males and diestrous females in different seasons have been studied in the desert hamster (Phodopus roborovskii), a species whose ecological features are poorly known. The results show that a significant increase in the plasma testosterone level is observed in winter (only to female MVGS), spring (to female MVGS and urine), and summer (to female urine), but not in autumn. The level of plasma cortisol significantly increases only in response to female urine in spring and male MVGS in summer.     

贵州喀斯特水库红枫湖、百花湖P(CO2)季节变化研究

针对贵州喀斯特地区富营养水库（红枫湖、百花湖）表层水中的CO₂分压P(CO₂)进行为期1 a的监测,分析了影响两湖P(CO₂)季节变化的因素并阐明了两湖P(CO₂)季节变化的机理.不同于北部温带地区水库,两湖出现明显的季节变化特征：夏季表层水中CO₂欠饱和,其他季节CO₂过饱和.通过对物理、化学及生物因素与P(CO₂)之间的相关性分析. 结果表明,两湖P(CO₂)与Chla之间存在的显著负相关,是由于浮游植物光合作用与细菌呼吸作用共同影响的结果,也是两湖P(CO₂)出现季节变化的主要原因.水温与P(CO₂)之间的显著负相关,主要是由于水温影响浮游植物生长引起的.降雨量与P(CO₂)之间的显著负相关,主要是由于降雨量影响水库中营养盐的输入和浮游植物生长引起的.NO^-₃、NO^-₂与P(CO₂)之间的显著正相关,是藻类吸收与有机质降解、硝化反应等共同作用的结果.SiO^{2-₃与P(CO₂)之间的显著负相关,是SiO2-₃受降雨输入及藻类吸收共同影响的结果.而两湖DOC与P(CO₂)相关性的差异可能与两湖DOC来源不同有关.}     

青藏高原四季降水变化特征分析

利用青藏高原87个地面气象台站41年（1960～2000年）的月降水资料,并在Arcgis 9.0中通过Kriging插值方法对少数站点的缺测值进行了插补,用线性回归方法研究了高原四季降水量的变化趋势及区域上的差异。为了保证本研究的完整性,对高原年降水也做了相应分析。结果表明：（1）高原冬春两季降水量呈显著增加趋势。冬季雅鲁藏布江下游、春季高原东北部为降水减少区,高原其他区域均表现为增加;夏秋两季降水量基本保持不变,但夏季高原中部和川西降水减少,高原南部和北部降水表现为增加;秋季高原中部、南部降水增加,川西降水减少。（2）高原年降水呈显著增加趋势。在区域上高原南部大致以东经102度为界,该线以东降水减少,以西降水增加,且降水增加区域表现出随纬度的增加而递减的特征。高原中部、北部的年降水基本保持不变或微弱增加。     

北京市BTEX的污染现状及变化规律分析

2008年10～2009年10月,利用前级浓缩-气相色谱/质谱法,对北京市大气中5种苯系物BTEX（苯、甲苯、乙苯、间、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯）的组成及浓度变化进行了采样分析研究.结果表明,北京市大气BTEX平均浓度为13.9～44.0μg.cm-3,其中甲苯的含量最高,苯次之,邻二甲苯含量最低,与国外城市和地区相比北京大气中BTEX浓度较低,研究发现北京市BTEX主要来自机动车排放,城市燃煤和工业溶剂挥发也是BTEX的重要来源.一年的观测结果表明,BTEX春、夏季节浓度较高,秋季浓度较低,季节性排放源的变化是BTEX季节变化的主要原因,同时也不能忽视温度和大风等天气因素对BTEX浓度的影响.受交通排放和边界层高度的影响,BTEX类化合物的日变化形式为夜晚高于白天,呈双峰形,日最低浓度出现在14：00前后.     

Source and deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Shanghai, China

Despite recent efforts to investigate the distribution and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, water, and soil, very little is known about their temporal change in wet deposition. As a result of increased attention to public health, a large-scale survey on the deposition flux and distribution of PAH contamination in rainwater was urgently conducted in Shanghai, China. In this study, 163 rainwater samples were collected from six sites, and 15 PAH compounds were detected by the use of a simple solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dominant PAH species monitored were naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. The concentration of total PAHs per event was between 74 and 980 ng/L, with an average value of 481 ng/L, which is at the high end of worldwide figures. The annual deposition flux of PAHs in rainwater was estimated to be 4148 kg/yr in the Shanghai area, suggesting rainfall as a major possible pathway for removing PAHs from the atmosphere. Diagnostic analysis by the ratios of An/178 and Fl/Fl+Py suggested that combustion of grass, wood, and coal was the major contributor to PAHs in the Shanghai region. Back trajectory analysis also indicated that the pollutant sources could be from the southern part of China.