全息理论与灾害周期性

地球系统是宇宙系统的全息缩影，地球上的灾害和天体之间具有全息关系，同样有恒定的周期性。本文根据全息理论对灾害进行分析预测，并建议在灾害研究中应用全息理论．     

厄尔尼诺事件对河南省降水的可能影响

本文采用小波变换方法分析了近50年来赤道东太平洋月海温距平序列和河南省月降水量距平序列的多层次时间尺度结构，对厄尔尼诺事件和河南降水的周期变化规律进行了对比分析，并讨论了厄尔尼诺对河南降水的可能影响。结果表明，厄尔尼诺事件对河南降水有一定程度的影响；表现为厄尔尼诺年大多对应河南雨涝年，而反厄尔诺年大多对应干旱年；NINO海区SST的冷暖结构和河南降水的旱涝变化之间具有较好的对应关系，而且两者都存在准2年和4－8年的周期变化。     

COST REDUCTIONS DUE TO SEASONAL VARIATION IN MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT LEVELS1

ABSTRACT: Varying treatment levels to meet seasonal variation in assimilative capacity of streams can reduce total costs of treatment. A mathematical model of a Pennsylvania stream based on a theoretically sound approximation of the physical relationships underlying the distribution of DO in a river system was used to determine discharge constraints for an economic optimization model which produced estimates of sewage treatment cost savings. Increasing the number of flow periods during the year enhances cost reducing opportunities even when land application processes are considered. Also, the least cost treatment process for year around operation may not be the least costly under multiple flow period management.     

SPATIAL VARIATION OF PRECIPITATION ON THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS1

ABSTRACT: Space autocorrelation techniques have been used to reveal the nature and spatial distribution of precipitation in the Texas High Plains. Correlation in precipitation amounts varies with both distance and direction, dropping off rapidly with distance, particularly during the warm season. The analyses can be used to estimate storm characteristics in conjunction with a wide variety of problems dealing with irrigation, crop yields, drainage and water supply, and evaluation of artificial weather modification efforts.     

The relationship between diversity profiles,evenness and species richness based on partial ordering

Problems with the notion of evenness, such as ambiguity, proliferation of indices, choice of indices, etc. can be overcome by a more fundamental, mathematical approach. We show that the Lorenz curve is an adequate representation of evenness. The corresponding Lorenz order induces a partial order in the set of equivalent abundance vectors. Also diversity can adequately be studied through a partial order and represented by a curve derived from the classical Lorenz curve. This curve is known as the intrinsic diversity profile (or k-dominance curve) and was introduced by Patil and Taillie (1979) and Lambshead et al. (1981).     

Variability of tropospheric hydroperoxides at a coastal surface site in Antarctica

The annual cycles of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and methylhydroperoxide (MHP) have been investigated at a remote site in Antarctica in order to study seasonal variations as well as chemical processes in the troposphere. The measurements have been performed from March 1997 to January 1998 and in February 1999 at the German Antarctic research station Neumayer which is located at 70°39′S, 8°15′W. The obtained time series for hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide in near-surface air represents the first all-year measurements in Antarctica and indicates clearly the occurrence of seasonal variations. During polar night mean values of 0.054±0.046 ppbv (range<0.03–0.11 ppbv) for hydrogen peroxide and 0.089±0.052 ppbv (range<0.05–0.14 ppbv) for methylhydroperoxide were detected. At the sunlit period higher Mixing ratios were found, 0.20±0.13 ppbv (range<0.03–0.91 ppbv) for hydrogen peroxide and 0.19±0.10 ppbv (range<0.05–0.89 ppbv) for methylhydroperoxide. Occasional long-range transport of air masses from mid-latitudes caused enhanced peroxide concentrations at polar night. During the period of stratospheric ozone depletion we observed peroxide mixing ratios comparable to typical winter levels.     

基于随机模拟的地下水污染物最优水力截获量

水力截获技术是净化或抑制地下水污染最为广泛使用的一种方法，而该技术实施过程中，如何确定最优水力截获量是其需要重点解决的关键问题.本文针对传统确定性方法计算最优水力截获量不合理的问题，从水文地质参数的随机性出发，应用基于随机理论的蒙特卡罗方法，通过实例来研究渗透系数的空间变异性对地下水污染物水力截获系统的影响，并寻求估算最优水力截获量的新方法.通过研究表明：基于确定性方法计算出最优水力截获量为110m³/d时恰好能完全截获污染区的污染物；应用随机模拟研究含水层渗透系数的空间变异性对水力截获系统的影响，发现当以传统确定性方法所计算的最优水力截获量（110m³/d）抽水时，并不能总是完全截获地下水污染物，其面临的稳定平均风险率高达24%；充分考虑了含水层渗透系数空间变异的Monte Carlo方法较以往传统确定性方法更为可靠，为此本文提出利用随机方法从截获系统可接受风险角度确定最优截获量的新思路.     

丙二酸二(2-(2,3-二羟基苯甲酰胺)乙基)酯的合成与螯合性能研究

用2,3-二羟基苯甲酸经羟基保护、酰胺化、酯化和去保护4步反应,生成一种新型的四齿丙二酸二(2-(2,3-二羟基苯甲酰胺)乙基)酯配体.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)和质谱(MS)对其结构进行了表征.在中性pH值条件下,研究了这种配体对铀酰离子的络合能力.结果表明,丙二酸二(2-(2,3-二羟基苯甲酰胺)乙基)酯配体与铀酰离子的螯合常数为23.2.     

北京城6区大气颗粒物质量浓度变化规律研究

为较好地了解当前北京城6区大气颗粒物PM2.5和PM10质量浓度的污染水平及变化规律,根据2013年3月11日至2014年2月28日城6区12个空气质量实时监测点连续、实时的监测结果,构建多点位、完整时间序列的颗粒物质量浓度数据资料.应用数理统计分析手段,对当前北京城6区大气颗粒物质量浓度的频数分布、相关性和逐时变化特征进行分析,并结合全年实际气象特征,对引起大气颗粒物质量浓度变化的因素进行了初步探讨.结果表明,2013年3月至2014年2月北京城6区大气颗粒物污染较为严重,且PM2.5和PM10质量浓度具有特别显著的线性相关关系,全年相关系数达0.9,10年间无显著变化;二者年均值达91.7 μg/m3和116.9 μg/m3,分别超标162％和67％;二者质量浓度比达78.4％,10年间同比增长约20％.颗粒物质量浓度逐时变化受季节变化影响明显,总体呈现夜间最高、白天最低的趋势,变化周期为7～9h.研究表明,影响颗粒物质量浓度变化的因素包括春季的大风和生物粒子、夏季的湿热和降雨、秋季和冬季的逆温现象和降雪等气象因素及规律性的人为源因素.