不同种肥料对虾池浮游植物群落的影响

在海水池塘围隔生态系中实验研究了施粪肥（鸡粪）、化肥和这两种的混合肥对浮游植物群落构成、生物量、初级生产力和种类多样性的效应．结果表明：施粪肥围隔蓝藻占优势，生物量的动态主要取决于蓝藻的变动；施化肥围隔硅藻和甲藻为优势类群，群落组成的动态主要表现为这两类植物的变动；施混合肥围隔在生物量和优势类群动态方面都表现为两种肥料协同效应的结果．群落的初级生产力与水体氮磷总量正相关．施混合肥围隔中的初级生产力和多样性指数最高，以此为指标评价肥料效果．认为混合施肥优于单施1种粪肥或化肥．     

渤海莱州湾沉积物-海水界面磷酸盐的交换通量

于 1 997年 5月和 1 997年 7月利用现场培养的方法对莱州湾沉积物 海水界面的交换行为进行了研究 .渤海莱州湾磷酸盐的交换通量为 6 7— 6 8μmol·m- 2 ·d- 1 .培养结果表明 ,富氧或贫氧环境对磷的交换通量没有显著影响 ;生物活动对磷的交换通量影响显著 ;与世界其它海区相比较 ,渤海莱州湾磷酸盐的交换通量处于中等水平     

Synergistic effects of sodium hypochlorite disinfection and iron-oxidizing bacteria on early corrosion in cast iron pipes

• The early corrosion process in the cast iron pipes was investigated. • The increase of NaOCl (<0.75 mg/L) accelerated the cast iron corrosion. • Biocorrosion caused by IOB could be divided into three stages in the early stage. • Synergistic and antagonistic effects exist between residual chlorine and IOB. Corrosion in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) may lead to pipe failures and water quality deterioration; biocorrosion is the most common type. Chlorine disinfectants are widely used in DWDSs to inhibit microorganism growth, but these also promote electrochemical corrosion to a certain extent. This study explored the independent and synergistic effects of chlorine and microorganisms on pipeline corrosion. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/L) and iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) were added to the reaction system, and a biofilm annular reactor (BAR) was employed to simulate operational water supply pipes and explain the composite effects. The degree of corrosion became severe with increasing NaOCl dosage. IOB accelerated the corrosion rate at an early stage, after which the reaction system gradually stabilized. When NaOCl and IOB existed together in the BAR, both synergistic and antagonistic effects occurred during the corrosion process. The AOC content increased due to the addition of NaOCl, which is conducive to bacterial regrowth. However, biofilm on cast iron coupons was greatly influenced by the disinfectant, leading to a decrease in microbial biomass over time. More research is needed to provide guidelines for pipeline corrosion control.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in food and associated human daily intake assessment considering bioaccessibility measured by simulated gastrointestinal digestion

The concentrations of PBDEs in 299 vegetable and animal-based food samples of 31 species, collected in Shanghai, China, and the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in part of the samples were determined. The PBDE concentrations ranged from 0 to 1245.4 pg g⁻¹ with animal-based food containing more PBDEs than vegetables. The bioaccessibility of PBDEs, determined by a method simulating human gastrointestinal digestion process, were from 2.6% to 39.9% in vegetables, and from 5.2% to 105.3% in animal-based food. For animal-based food, good correlations were observed between the bioaccessibility of PBDEs and the fat content, thus the fat content in animal-based food was able to be used to estimate the bioaccessibility of PBDEs. The total daily intake of PBDEs via ingestion of vegetables and animal-based food for an average Shanghai resident was estimated as 13 235.7 and 13 668.0 pg d⁻¹, respectively, but the amounts available for human absorption were reduced to 2674.4 and 4316.6 pg d⁻¹ after the PBDE bioaccessibility was considered. Finally, the contributions of different food groups to the total daily intake of PBDEs were evaluated. The results revealed that, when not considering the bioaccessibility of PBDEs, vegetables were the leading contributor (49.2%), followed by fish (34.0%). However, the sequence was reversed after the PBDE bioaccessibility was taken into account. The results indicated that human exposure to PBDEs via food ingestion might have been significantly overestimated and the exposure assessment could be misleading if the bioaccessibility of PBDEs was not considered.     

利用DMA-80自动测汞仪直接测定海水中痕量汞

采用DMA-80自动测汞仪直接测定海水中的痕量汞,详细介绍了干燥时间、分解温度、释放温度等分析条件的优化选择。试验结果,方法在0.4～400ng范围内线性良好,检出限为2×10-5mg/L,方法操作简单,灵敏度高,结果准确。     

浓密尾矿管道输送的研究现状及展望

为掌握浓密尾矿管道输送中的流动规律及阻力特性,对国内外现有研究成果进行了综述,以尾矿颗粒的粒径尺寸和分布特征为切入点,分析了颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-流体间的相互作用,提出将浓密尾矿管道输送划分为均质结构流和复合流动两种模式,分别对不同模式下浆体流变性质、颗粒运移行为、流动型态及阻力特性方面的研究成果和最新进展进行了评述。结果表明:均匀细颗粒(d dc)浓密尾矿可视为由细颗粒介质与离散粗颗粒组成的复合流体,粗颗粒具有"剪切沉降"效应,介质屈服应力较小(τy<5τyc)时,浆体在管道内分层流动,管流阻力可通过两层流模型进行分析。     

石油化工产品储运系统安全排放技术措施

针对石油化工产品储运系统在正常情况和事故情况下,因排放可燃液体、可燃气体或蒸气可能带来的火灾爆炸危险,阐述了在工艺上和设计上安全排放应采取的防火防爆安全技术措施.     

漏磁探伤设备在油田油管杆修复检测中的应用

介绍了漏磁探伤设备在孤东采油厂管、杆修复检测中的应用现状,针对探伤检测中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策,提高了探伤检测效果。     

河北省应对水危机加快发展海水淡化的探讨

21世纪水危机严重威胁河北省经济社会发展。海水淡化是解决水危机问题的重要措施,具有良好的综合效益和发展前景。河北省海水淡化条件较好,基础比较雄厚,为此建议尽快编制河北省海水淡化规划,加快建设海水淡化工程,积极发展海水淡化装备制造业,并开展沿海热电厂非采暖季节利用气热淡化海水的实验研究。     

国产海水淡化装置铝黄铜换热管腐蚀调查分析

目的了解国产万吨级LT-MED装置铝黄铜换热管的腐蚀情况。方法通过对设备现场调研和腐蚀产物分析,对换热管的腐蚀类型和腐蚀原因进行分析,并对其腐蚀的危害性进行判断。结果铝黄铜换热管在凝结水侧发生全面腐蚀和点蚀,在海水侧主要发生轻微脱锌腐蚀。结论铝黄铜换热管在凝结水中腐蚀率很低,其全面腐蚀可以接受。换热管在凝结水侧的点蚀轻微,可对其进行定期检测。铝黄铜在海水侧的脱锌腐蚀轻微,可以忽略。换热管腐蚀程度轻微,不影响水质和设备正常运行。