脱硫石粉贮存库气化装置改造

对火电厂脱硫石粉贮存库运行过程中散装机出料口下料缓慢,进气母管及气化槽体中进粉等问题进行了分析,提出了改造对策,石粉贮存库气,石粉贮存气化装置改造后运行效果良好,以60t罐车为例,石粉的装车为例,石粉的装车时间同原来的30min减少到15min.     

燃煤电厂排渣输灰管道清垢器的设计

燃煤电厂输灰管道结垢问题影响发电机组的正常运行.设计研制一种输灰管道清垢器实现不停机除垢,避免传统酸洗对管道的腐蚀破坏和对环境的污染,同时大大降低了成本.设计过程中应用三维CAD建模,利用有限元方法对关键部件校验分析,缩短了设计周期,提高了清垢器的可靠性.     

Household water in rural asia: a case study of the construction of a piped water system in Bangui,Ilocos Norte,Philippines

In early 1980 an extension agent was assigned to the rural municipality of Bangui, Ilocos Norte, Philippines to work on development projects – in particular the improvement of the supply of safe water for drinking and sanitation. After many months of visiting spring sites and meeting with community leaders, a small part of the municipality was selected to build a gravity fed piped water system. Although the system took many months to plan, identify funding and construct, the 600 community members were ultimately rewarded with house to house connections that enabled them to achieve per capita water consumption levels above the minimum levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Of course, money was critical to ensure the project’s success, but many other factors played an equally critical role. For instance, without the active participation of the community and the unwavering support of the community leadership the project would not have survived the initial planning stage. Also, the extension agent played a critical role by acting as a conduit between funding agencies, the Bureau of Public Works and the community. The primary lesson to be learned from this experience is that the success of rural development projects is largely driven by the synergy between the community, technical support, financial support, and agents of change such as extension agents. If any of these ingredients had been lacking, the project result would likely have been far different.     

海水优化ANAMMOX包埋固定化及其处理含海水污水的脱氮性能

为提高包埋厌氧氨氧化菌材料的机械稳定性,通过实验对包埋原材料组合进行筛选并在制备过程中添加海水对材料性能进行优化.结果显示：最优材料配比为聚乙烯醇（PVA 125 g·L^-1）-海藻酸钠（SA 20 g·L^-1）-活性炭（40 g·L^-1）,固化时间为18 h.添加海水优化后,由于霍夫迈斯特效应,胶珠内部孔径较大且分布不均,机械稳定性和生物容纳量明显高于淡水组,根据拉曼光谱解析表明添加海水后胶珠中-OH可更大程度与交联剂发生交联反应.利用活化后的包埋菌处理含海水污水,经过21 d的运行NH₄⁺-N去除率达到90%左右,化学计量比△NH₄⁺-N：△NO₂^--N：△NO₃^--N稳定在1：（1.04±0.1）：（0.17±0.02）,自第21 d开始静止运行至第46 d后负荷提升1倍,氨氮去除率和化学计量比无明显波动,总氮去除率稳定在85%左右,总氮去除负荷为0.2kg·（m³·d）^-1.     

直管道电场指纹法有效检测区范围的数值模拟

目的确定电场指纹法应用于直管道时的有效检测区大小。方法采用COMSOL多物理场数值模拟的方法,研究直管道模型在电场指纹检测时的电场分布特征,并探讨电流输入方式、电源电极尺寸、管道尺寸等因素对有效检测区的影响。结果双路电流输入方式能够获得更大的有效检测区,可提高电流利用率及检测效率。有效检测区大小受电源电极尺寸、管道壁厚变化的影响极小,受管道公称直径影响较大。有效检测区与电源电极的最小间距固定,约为管道公称直径的1.5倍。结论确定了电场指纹法应用于直管道时有效检测区的大小,为电场指纹法的管道检测规范的制定提供了科学依据。     

核级管道非标支架的力学分析与优化设计

目的基于核级管道支架的力学分析,针对性地提出非标支架优化设计方案。方法核电站中管道支架为确保管道系统的安全运行发挥着至关重要的作用。针对工况复杂、要求严苛、承载恶劣的管道支架,为满足其支撑与抗震功能,通常采用非标设计。深入研究非标支架的力学计算和评定方法。通过有限元计算评定结果,发现支架设计中不满足规范要求项,提出非标支架优化设计方案。结果首先针对支架整体结构刚度和稳定性不足,采取增加斜支撑与增强约束等结构性修改措施,进而确定增强支撑钢梁强度的优化方案,解决应力超过规范许用限值问题,最后对于问题集中的管道连接区域,提出局部支撑构件重新设计方案。结论该优化方案可为核级管道非标支架设计提供借鉴和指导,以满足核电标准规范和设计要求。     

流动注射—光度法联用测定海水中PO4-P

本法针对海水分析时严重的盐度和基体干扰,以监测的海水试样为载流,并在流动注射进样阀前流路上首次引入自制全容量阴离子交换柱,去除载流中的磷酸盐,使进入系统的载流盐度与试样一致,消除了基体干扰,并通过阴柱在线再生条件试验和工作曲线优化试验,建立了流动注射磷锑钼蓝(还原剂为抗坏血酸)光度法直接测定PO4-P浓度为Ⅰ类～Ⅳ类海水的新方法,能分辨海水类别。结果表明,在最适合条件下,该方法在PO4-P浓度5～80μg/L范围内峰高与浓度成线性关系,方法检出限为0.73μg/L,空白海水加10μg/L、30μg/L和60μg/L PO4-P标准物质连续进样,RSD分别为4.57%(n=5)、4.72%(n=4)和5.76%(n=4)。进行实际样品分析时,加标回收率为101%～102%,具有很好的准确性,与国家标准方法———磷钼蓝分光光度法比对,结果吻合,令人满意。     

Evaluation of the Use of Artificial Neural Networks for the Simulation of Hybrid Solar Collectors

Abstract

In the last decade, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been receiving an increasing attention for simulating engineering systems due to some interesting characteristics such as learning capability, fault tolerance, speed and nonlinearity. This article describes an alternative approach to assess two types of hybrid solar collector/heat pipe systems (plate heat pipe type and tube heat pipe type) using ANNs. Multiple Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) and Radial Basis Networks (RBFs) were considered. The networks were trained using results from mathematical models generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The mathematical models were based on energy balances and resulted in a system of nonlinear equations. The solution of the models was very sensitive to initial estimates, and convergence was not obtained under certain conditions. Between the two neural models, MLPs performed slightly better than RBFs. It can be concluded that similar configurations were adequate for both collector systems. It was found that ANNs simulated both collector efficiency and heat output with high accuracy when “unseen” data were presented to the networks. An important advantage of a trained ANN over the mathematical models is that convergence is not an issue and the result is obtained almost instantaneously.     

制氧厂特种设备安全管理

根据多年的管理经验和现行特种设备安全法规,介绍了制氧厂特种设备安全管理的组织和职责,以及定期检验的内容.针对制氧厂典型的特种设备,介绍了特种设备的检验管理.     

秦皇岛市海水入侵特征

本文在海水入侵勘查、监测成果的基础上，阐述了该区海水入侵现状、分布特征、演化过程和入侵方式，探讨了海水入侵的机理，指出人类活动是海水入侵的诱发因素，超采地下水是海水入侵的根本原因。应用基于GIS的层次分析法进行了危险性评价，从地学角度，提出了海水入侵灾害生态综合防治对策。