基于设计暴雨强度城市河道排涝与管渠排水标准关系研究

城市化地区河道排涝系统与管渠排水系统,分属不同的管理部门,遵循不同的行业规范。该文分析了城市河道排涝与城市管渠排水的功能及关系,从排水系统的特点及计算方法探析了城市河道排涝与管渠排水的区别。还讨论了排涝标准三个主要因素暴雨历时、排涝时间和设计暴雨重现期的拟定,探讨了城市河道排涝与城市管渠排水标准的衔接方法,并以合肥市十五里河为例,通过推求设计暴雨强度拟定河道排涝和管渠排涝设计暴雨重现期之间的定量关系,为城市排水工程规划提供了参考依据。     

管材对供水管网生物膜微生物种群多样性的影响

研究了3种管材(灰口铸铁管、镀锌管和不锈钢复合管)对管网生物膜微生物种群多样性的影响.采用R2A平板培养计数可培养细菌、荧光定量PCR计数细菌总数、流式细胞法确定活菌比例、扫描电镜观察生物膜形态,高通量测序研究管段生物膜微生物种群多样性.研究结果表明:灰口铸铁管可培养菌数和细菌总数都最高,其次是镀锌管,不锈钢复合管可培养菌数和细菌总数都最少,但活菌比例方面镀锌管活菌比例高于灰口铸铁管和不锈钢复合管.扫描电镜结果与可培养菌数及细菌总数结果一致,即灰口铸铁管细菌量最高,不同管材管壁生物膜细菌形态皆以球菌和杆菌为主,并无显著差异.微生物种群多样性结果显示:灰口铸铁管生物膜种群多样性最高,镀锌管生物膜种群多样性相对较为单一,不锈钢复合管生物膜种群多样性最低.饮用水管网生物膜种群以变形菌门为主,各管道变形菌门都高达90%以上,不同管材生物膜细菌群落组成有很大差异.本研究结果对今后饮用水供水管段材料的选取具有指导性意义.     

An Experimental Study of Heat Pipe Performance Using Nanofluids

Heat pipe cooling is widely used in computer processors. Advances in microprocessor technology have resulted in reduced heat transfer surface area. Maintaining an efficient cooling process is therefore challenging. The main goal of this experimental study is to perform a parametric study on heat pipe performance using nanofluids. Nanofluids of 1 and 3 vol% of alumina nanoparticles of 20–50 nm diameters in deionized water versus deionized water as a base fluid were considered in the present study. The nanofluids are prepared in our laboratory using two-step method. The nanofluids thermal properties are measured to confirm the properties enhancement that could indicate a corresponding performance enhancement of the heat pipe. A 10 mm inner diameter, 200 mm long brass tube with 50 mm long evaporator, and 50 mm long water cooled condenser were used. Heat pipe wall temperature is reduced with nanofluids as is the temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser. The thermal diffusivity of the nanofluids is increased by 10%. The pipe pressure in case of deionized water was higher than the corresponding one for the nanofluids by 20–32%.     

基于风险的检验技术在苯乙烯装置中的应用

介绍了应用英国Tischuk公司开发的RBI软件(T-OCA)对苯乙烯装置脱氢反应系统进行风险评估、提出基于风险的检验策略的过程,并针对石油化工装置开展RBI工作中的一些问题提出了建议.     

GPS在管线控制测量中的应用

对静态GPS在管线控制测量中的应用做了阐述,包括选点、数据采集和数据处理,结合GPS自带的后处理软件,以实例介绍了在数据处理中遇到的问题和解决方法.     

离子色谱法测定海水中的铵离子

采用新型柱填料的阳离子色谱柱,改善了铵离子与钾离子,钠离子的分离度,消除了大量钾离子和钠离子对铵离子测定的干扰。在硫酸和甲烷磺酸两种分离体系中,铵离子的检出限分别达到０．１ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１和０．０５ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１,线性范围分别为０．２－５０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１和０．１－５０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１。在两种淋洗条件下测定复杂基体海水中的铵离子,所得结果一致,该方法简便易行,灵敏度高。     

长短管桩在含浅部持力层的地基中的应用研究

在含良好浅部持力层的地基中采用长短桩基础,可以充分发挥浅部持力层这一天然资源的良好承载性能。本文依托张家港地区某静压管桩长短桩工程实例,对含典型浅部持力层的地基中长短管桩的承载特性进行了研究。现场测试和计算分析结果表明,桩端置于浅部粉细砂层的短桩与桩端置于深部粉质粘土层的长桩的单桩承载力接近,设计极限荷载下,短桩桩顶沉降明显大于长桩,但均小于一般桩基沉降控制标准;长短组合桩中,短桩主要用于提高承载力,长桩主要用于控制沉降。本文结果可为长短组合桩理论研究和优化工程设计提供有益参考。     

烟气海水脱硫排水水质对周边海域的影响分析

从理论计算和国内外已投运工程的实际运行监测两方面,对海水脱硫排水水质进行了分析,结果表明在采用成熟工艺的前提下,海水脱硫的排水水质包括重金属等指标,全部可以达到我国海水三类标准,绝大部分指标满足海水一类标准,而且通过对国内外已经投运项目的长期监测,也未发现对周围海域的生态环境造成不利影响。     

电导率法在海水入侵监测中的应用

海水入侵是人类不合理开采地下淡水而导致的一种环境恶化的地质灾害,其发生过程是一个可监测和可预报的过程。目前海水入侵的监测方法主要为物探和水化学方法,本文讨论了电导率法在海水入侵实际监测中的原理及应用。     

Using a Mass Balance Model to Evaluate Groundwater Budget of Seawater‐Intruded Island Aquifers1

Jang, Cheng‐Shin, Chen‐Wuing Liu, Shih‐Kai Chen, and Wen‐Sheng Lin, 2011. Using a Mass Balance Model to Evaluate Groundwater Budget of Seawater‐Intruded Island Aquifers. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 61‐73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00593.x Abstract: The study developed a mass balance model to evaluate the groundwater budget of seawater‐intruded island aquifers using limited available data. The Penghu islands were selected as a study area. As sparse observed data were available in the islands, methods of combining water and chloride balances were used to determine the amounts of groundwater pumping, seawater intrusion, aquifer storages, and safe yields in the shallow and deep aquifers. The groundwater budget shows that seawater intrusion to freshwater aquifers was 1.38 × 10⁶ and 0.29 × 10⁶ m³/year in the shallow and deep aquifers, respectively, indicating that the seawater intrusion is severe in the both aquifers. The safe yield of the shallow aquifer was 14.56 × 10⁶ m³/year in 2005 which was four times higher than that of the deep aquifer (3.70 × 10⁶ m³/year). However, the annual pumping amounts in the shallow and deep aquifers were 4.77 × 10⁶ and 3.63 × 10⁶ m³/year, respectively. Although the safe yield of the shallow aquifer is enough for all water resources demands, only 55% of exploitation amount was extracted from the shallow aquifer due to its poor water quality. Groundwater exploitation in the deep aquifer should be significantly reduced and regulated by a dynamic management of pumping scheme because the annual pumping amounts are close to the safe yield and seawater intrusion occurs continually. Additionally, to alleviate further aquifer salination, at least half of the current annual groundwater abstraction should be reduced.