管线钢的海水微生物腐蚀

以海水环境中管线钢的微生物腐蚀(MIC)为中心,就国内外与其相关的报道进行综述分析,并提出建议。首先,分析了海水中导致管线钢腐蚀的主要微生物种类及其代谢过程的特点,得出海水中腐蚀微生物具有多样性特征,代谢途径受环境参数的影响。然后,分析了海水中微生物所致管线钢腐蚀机理的研究现状,得出管线钢MIC机理主要与细菌的代谢产物、代谢活动和生物膜的形成有关,突出不同环境下管线钢MIC的复杂性。再次,介绍了海水中管线钢MIC防治的研究现状,并分析了主要防护技术的优缺点。最后,提出对海水环境管线钢MIC研究工作的建议,包括建立海水管线钢腐蚀微生物种类数据库、大力研发绿色高效MIC控制技术、加强对海水管线钢MIC基础性研究工作的投入等。     

煤油—海水微乳（状液）形成的相图研究

体系由水或人工海水／煤油／表面活性剂（ＡＳ，ＣＴＡＢ，ＢＪＩＪ３５）／助表面活性剂（正丁醇）构成。研究４０℃时各表面活性剂，油及醇含量和海水盐度对微乳形成的影响。结果表明：３种表面活性剂中ＣＴＡＢ最易于形成微乳，在含煤油量≤５０％时皆与纯水或海水形成Ｏ／Ｗ，Ｗ／Ｏ和双连续结构的３种形式微乳区；对于ＡＳ，这种微乳连续区仅在含煤油≤２５％时出现，而对于ＢＲＩＪ３５，只在含煤油１０％时才出现。随含油量增     

海洋中石油烃敏化光氧化反应研究进展

本文总结了激发三重态光敏剂及激发单重态氧分子引发的表层海水中石油烃光氧化反应的研究概况，介绍激发三重态光敏化剂引发的典型化合物的光氧化产物、反应机理，原油光氧化产物和表层海水中溶解石油烃成分及其氧化产物的分析等方面的研究成果。比较两类光氧化反应研究的优缺点，提出今后研究的方向。     

The Fate in the Marine Environment of a Minor Diesel Fuel Spill from an Antarctic Research Station

Monitoring was undertaken of the fate in the marine environment of an accidental spill of diesel fuel (1000 litres) from Faraday Research Station, Galindez Island, Antarctica in March 1992. On the day after the incident concentrations in seawater reached a maximum of 540 µg 1-1 for n-alkanes and 222 µg 1-1 for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). However, concentrations returned to local background levels within one week. The fuel had an immediate toxic effect on intertidal limpets in the local station area, and 100 animals were found dead the day after the spill. Surviving animals had elevated concentrations of both n-alkanes and PAH for over a month after the spill, reaching a maximum of 9960 µg kg-1 for n-alkanes and 90 µg kg-1 for PAH 30 days after the spill occurred. This was the result of accumulation from a residue of the diesel being flushed by rainwater into the littoral zone. Seven months after the spill concentrations of both n-alkanes and PAH in limpets living close to the station were still an order of magnitude greater than those found in animals at an uncontaminated control site. This is because limpets living in the littoral zone were continually exposed to chronic but low-level hydrocarbon contamination from station activities. The diesel spill itself had a very minor, localised and short-term impact on the Antarctic marine environment.     

MONITORING OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL HYDROCHEMICAL CHANGES IN GROUNDWATER UNDER THE CONTAMINATING EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES IN MERSIN REGION, TURKEY

The development of groundwater resources for water supply is a favored way in Turkey. The Berdan alluvial aquifer in Mersin is particularly productive, but little is known about the natural phenomena that govern the groundwater quality and the contamination sources in this region. During 2001 and 2002, water samples for chemical analysis were obtained from 27 wells and from two points of Berdan River and analyzed by ICP. Main chemical characteristics of sampled groundwater define two aquifers, which were also determined by hydrogeological investigations. The groundwater produced from some of the wells was affected by anthropogenic activities temporally and spatially by seawater intrusion. Berdan River is polluted with the wastewater discharges and river water also influences the groundwater quality.     

异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法测定海水中氰化物的改进

本文对海水中氰化物的测定方法进行了补充和改进,提高了海水氰化物测定方法的精 密度和准确度。     

管式加热炉的抗震可靠性分析

本提出了管式加热炉的可靠性分析方法，并运用该方法对现行抗震设计出来的管式加热炉进行可靠性分析，验证了该方法的适用性，均得到比较满意的结果。     

不锈钢导管挤压扩口工艺与模具设计

介绍了飞机不锈钢导管原位挤压扩口工艺和模具设计.该模具具有结构简单、易于加工、更换方便等特点,该工艺不仅适用于飞机导管修理,而且还可供其它设备导管修理时参考.     

高温油泵机械密封故障分析及改造

对GA123A泵的高温波纹管式机械密封的失效原因进行了分析。证实热油泵的密封故障是由于波纹管内侧水垢和积碳引起。针对现场实际，从安全、环保的角度对机械密封的机构和辅助系统进行了改进。     

装饰不锈钢管抛光粉尘的治理

通过装饰不锈钢管抛光粉尘治理实例，介绍除尘系统密闭罩设计、除尘以及装置的降噪、防腐、防磨。