Identifying and mitigating the impacts on primates of transportation and service corridors

Most primate populations are declining; 60% of species face extinction. The expansion of transportation and service corridors (T&S) (i.e., roads and railways and utility and service lines) poses a significant yet underappreciated threat. With the development of T&S corridors predicted to increase across primates' ranges, it is necessary to understand the current extent of its impacts on primates, the available options to mitigate these effectively, and recognize research and knowledge gaps. By employing a systematic search approach to identify literature that described the relationship between primates and T&S corridors, we extracted information from 327 studies published between 1980 and 2020. Our results revealed that 218 species and subspecies across 62 genera are affected, significantly more than the 92 listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The majority of studies took place in Asia (45%), followed by mainland Africa (31%), the Neotropics (22%), and Madagascar (2%). Brazil, Indonesia, Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam, and Madagascar contained the greatest number of affected primate species. Asia featured the highest number of species affected by roads, electrical transmission lines, and pipelines and the only studies addressing the impact of rail and aerial tramways on primates. The impact of seismic lines only emerged in the literature from Africa and the Neotropics. Impacts are diverse and multifaceted, for example, animal–vehicle collisions, electrocutions, habitat loss and fragmentation, impeded movement and genetic exchange, behavioral changes, exposure to pollution, and mortality associated with hunting. Although several mitigation measures were recommended, only 41% of studies focused on their implementation, whereas only 29% evaluated their effectiveness. Finally, there was a clear bias in the species and regions benefiting from research on this topic. We recommend that government and conservation bodies recognize T&S corridors as a serious and mounting threat to primates and that further research in this area is encouraged.     

Performance evaluation method of oil and gas pipeline integrity management

The performance evaluation of integrity management has become the focus of attention because integrity management has become widely accepted by pipeline operators. This paper proposes a three-index system of pipeline integrity management performance evaluation (TISPIMPE), which includes system construction, implementation process, and pipeline health status, comprehensively evaluating the status, adequacy, and effectiveness of integrity management. It helps the pipeline operators to determine the weakness in each step. Based on the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the different backgrounds of experts are fully considered, and experts' opinions are revised. The adjustment coefficient of performance evaluation is set up simultaneously, and the evaluation results are adjusted to make the results more reasonable. Taking the performance evaluation of pipeline integrity management of an oil and gas company as an example, it is shown that TISPIMPE has reasonable practicability and can accurately reflect the shortcomings of pipeline integrity management. TISPIMPE can effectively help pipeline managers comprehensively and systematically evaluate the performance of pipeline integrity management and gain an in-depth understanding of pipeline operation status.     

成品油管道基于内检测的适用性评价与维修决策

目的 建立成品油管道基于内检测的适用性评价及维修决策方法.方法 针对某成品油管道内检测数据中的管道缺陷,进行缺陷尺寸特征与环焊缝关系等统计分析.考虑缺陷形态对管道安全运行的影响,结合国内外相关标准,制定成品油管道缺陷维修判定准则.结合缺陷强度评价、腐蚀速率计算以及剩余寿命预测,确定缺陷维修计划和再检测周期.结果 该管道...     

金属在固定与浮动海水全浸方式下的腐蚀差别

依据表面海水环境因素的垂直分布，分析了金属在固定和浮动两种海水全浸方式下的腐蚀行为差别，并通过9种金属材料在固定与浮动海水全浸方式下的暴露试验．对分析得出的结论进行了验证。表面海水的盐度、溶解氧含量、pH的垂直分布均匀．不会对固定和浮动两种全浸方式下暴露试样的腐蚀行为带采差别。表面海水温度的垂直分布不均匀性小。对固定和浮动两种全浸方式下暴露的试样的腐蚀行为不会造成可测量的差别。表面海水的流速、生物污损的差别不会对固定和浮动两种全浸方式下暴露试样的腐蚀行为产生明显的影响。同一种金属在固定。浮动两种海水全浸方式下的腐蚀行为不会有明显的差别。     

地铁运行状态变化下杂散电流对埋地管道干扰数值模拟

目的 研究地铁系统运行状态多变性导致地铁杂散电流对埋地管道的干扰规律.方法 构建具有多个牵引区间、排流网、地铁站接地系统及停车场的地铁系统,埋地管道及其阴极保护系统等模型,基于数值模拟方法,采用专业软件计算地铁机车数量、位置及牵引电流变化,地铁排流网、站内接地系统和停车场与线路轨道电导通状况等地铁运行状态变化下轨道对地...