焙烧温度对铁覆膜砂IOCS吸附Cr(VI)的影响

采用序批试验研究了焙烧温度对铁覆膜砂(Iron Oxide Coated Sand,IOGS)吸附6价铬Cr(VI)的吸附平衡和吸附速率的影响.结果表明,铬在IOCS上的吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附模型.低温制备IOCS具有较高吸附容量且对pH不敏感.110℃制备IOGS在pH 7的最大吸附容量(0.181 mg·g-1)远高于660℃制备10CS(0.023 m8·8-1).吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.吸附速率随焙烧温度提高而下降.     

多热源分散程度的数学模拟及对置换通风影响

通过建立多污染热源置换通风的三维数学模型,根据数值解分析三热源位置变化对多污染源置换通风效果的影响,结果表明:热源的位置变化对多污染热源置换通风效果的影响是很大的,房间内热源应紧凑布置以利于提高通风效果和节能。     

预处理后的活性污泥对锌吸附的研究

剩余活性污泥处理是当今的热点问题,从活性污泥资源化的角度出发,将活性污泥加工成为锌离子的生物吸附剂,比较了8种方法预处理后的活性污泥对锌的吸附效果,分析了这8种方法对污泥吸附能力的影响机理.对经过NaOH和H2O2处理的污泥的吸附特性和影响因素进行了研究,结果表明该吸附过程符合Psemio-seconal Order吸附动力学模型及Freunomch吸附等温模型,低pH不利于吸附,适当提高温度可以增强吸附效果,增加污泥吸附剂浓度可以增加金属离子去除率,但是单位质量吸附剂吸附金属离子的量减小.用红外光谱对比的手段对吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明污泥颗粒表面一些含氮氧的基团对zn.'的络合作用是主要的吸附机理.该研究在污泥资源化和废水中锌离子的去除方面有重要意义.     

一体化A/O生物膜反应器低温硝化研究

采用自行设计制作的新型一体化A/O生物膜反应器,研究了温度、进水碱度对反应器硝化性能的影响.结果表明,当反应器温度控制在20,15和10℃时,硝化率分别为98%,90%和60%.此时进水COD和TN浓度分别为100～150 mg/L和65～78 mg/L.总氮去除率分别为50%,30%和20%.当反应器温度控制在8℃,进水中不加有机碳源,随着进水碱度的增加,硝化率从72%提高到95%,在低温下取得了良好的硝化效果.当进水碱度为280 mg/L时,反应器各区出现亚硝酸盐积累,亚硝化率达到80%.详细分析了形成亚硝酸盐积累的原因.     

Topsoil organic carbon mineralization and CO2 evolution of three paddy soils from South China and the temperature dependence

Carbon mineralization and its response to climatic warming have been receiving global attention for the last decade. Although the virtual influence of temperature effect is still in great debate, little is known on the mineralization of organic carbon （SOC） of paddy soils of China under warming. SOC mineralization of three major types of China＇s paddy soils is studied through laboratory incubation for 114 d under soil moisture regime of 70% water holding capacity at 20℃ and 25℃ respectively. The carbon that mineralized as CO2 evolved was measured every day in the first 32 d and every two days in the following days. Carbon mineralized during the 114 d incubation ranged from 3.51 to 9.22 mg CO2-C/gC at 20℃ and from 4.24 to 11.35 mg CO2-C/gC at 25℃ respectively; and a mineralizable C pool in the range of 0.24 to 0.59 gC/kg, varying with different soils. The whole course of C mineralization in the 114 d incubation could be divided into three stages of varying rates, representing the three subpools of the total mineralizable C： very actively mineralized C at 1-23 d, actively tnineralized C at 24--74 d and a slowly mineralized pool with low and more or less stabilized C mineralization rate at 75-114 d. The calculated Q10 values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, varying with the soil types and N status. Neither the total SOC pool nor the labile C pool could account for the total mineralization potential of the soils studied, despite a well correlation of labile C with the shortly and actively mineralized C, which were shown in sensitive response to soil warming. However, the portion of microbial C pool and the soil C/N ratio controlled the C mineralization and the temperature dependence. Therefore, C sequestration may not result in an increase of C mineralization proportionally. The relative control of C bioavailability and microbial metabolic activity on C mineralization with respect to stabilization of sequestered C in the paddy soils of China is to be further studied.     

Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles

Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene （PS） bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as ＂purge and trap＂ and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC/MS）. Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.     

聚氨酯泡沫材料阴燃发展过程的特性分析

分析对比了相同加热条件下的聚氨酯泡沫材料在有氧和无氧气氛下的升温过程,并对不同加热条件下的聚氨酯泡沫材料的阴燃传播速度进行研究.结果表明:沿着反应进行的方向,分离点的温度越来越低,不同热流条件下的温度分离曲线斜率在实验稳定发展段的变化规律表现得很相似,并在分离点出现后,有氧气氛中的该位置温度在短时间内急剧上升;在阴燃不稳定传播阶段时,热解前锋的速度小于氧化前锋的速度,在稳定传播阶段时,热解前锋速度与氧化前锋速度近乎相等.     

环洱海地区气候变化特征研究

环洱海地区是云南省具有高原湖泊生态脆弱区、民族文化多元融合区和乡村经济发展活跃区等多重叠合特征的典型区域,是全球气候变化影响的敏感区和脆弱区。以环洱海地区1951~2014年6个基本站点的逐年平均气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温、降水量、最大日降水量和日降水量≥0.1 mm日数资料为基础。采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Morlet小波分析和R/S分析等方法,研究了环洱海地区气候变化规律。结果发现:自1951年以来,环洱海地区年均气温和极端最低气温呈现出升高的趋势,而极端最高气温则呈现降低的趋势,变化速率分别为0.07℃/10 a、0.03℃/10 a和–0.14℃/10 a,对于年降水量、最大日降水量和降水日数而言,三者均为减少趋势,速率分别为–12.85 mm/10 a、–1.09mm/10 a和–1.73 d/10 a;环洱海地区年均气温、极端最高和极端最低气温均没有发生突变,年降水量和降水日数在2010年发生了一次减少突变,而最大日降水量则没有检测到突变的年份;环洱海地区年平均气温和年降水量在长时间尺度上的周期性变化最为显著,分别存在30 a和33 a左右的周期变化,并贯穿整个研究时段,而短时间尺度上的周期变化局域性特征突出;从未来演变趋势来看,年平均气温和极端最低气温将维持升温趋势,而极端最高气温则将持续降低趋势,年降水量继续减少的趋势未来将会逆转,但最大日降水量和降水日数两者将持续减少的概率更大。     

金属材料海水腐蚀试验方法的编制及标准解读

为了使相关人员更好地理解标准,更好地完成试验,回顾了我国金属材料海水腐蚀试验方法和标准的编制历程,对金属材料海水腐蚀试验的两个现行国家标准进行了解读和比较。     

热真空试验系统温度均匀度试验研究

热真空试验是航天器研制过程中非常重要的一项试验,作为满足热真空试验必不可少的工具,好的热真空试验系统可以保证试验件在不失真的情况下试验,使试验受控,而热真空试验系统温度均匀度不好,会造成过试验或欠试验的产生。文中以某型热真空试验设备为例,通过试验研究分析其温度均匀度,可以提高热真空试验的精度。